42 U.S.C. § 4231
Section 4231 · 4231 to 4233. Repealed. Pub. L. 97258, 5(b), Sept. 13, 1982, 96 Stat. 1068
Applied in 40 court decisions — leading case The Lands Council v. McNair (2008)
Most recently applied in Front Range Nesting Bald Eagle Studies v. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Serv. (December 2018)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 4231, Pub. L. 90–577, title IV, § 401, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1103, set out the declaration of a development assistance policy. See section 6506 (a)(e) of Title 31, Money and Finance. Section 4232, Pub. L. 90–577, title IV, § 402, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1104, related to the favoring of units of general local government in the provision of loans or grants-in-aid. See section 6506 (f) of Title 31. Section 4233, Pub. L. 90–577, title IV, § 403, Oct. 16, 1968, 82 Stat. 1104; 1970 Reorg. Plan No. 2, 102, eff. July 1, 1970, 35 F.R. 7959, 84 Stat. 2085, related to rules and regulations for the effective administration of this subchapter. See section 6506 (g) of Title 31.