Volume 420 — United States Reports

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 420 of the United States Reports:

Train v. City of New York, 420 U.S. 35 (1975), was a statutory interpretation case in the Supreme Court of the United States. Although one commentator characterizes the case's implications as meaning "[t]he president cannot frustrate the will of Congress by killing a program through impoundment," the Court majority itself made no categorical constitutional pronouncement about impoundment power but focused on the statute's language and legislative history.

Emporium Capwell Co. v. Western Addition Community Organization, 420 U.S. 50 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case. The court reversed and remanded the Court of Appeals ruling. The Supreme Court ruled on the basis of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the National Labor Relations Act of 1935 (NLRA).

Appellee justices of the peace and constables, threatened with removal before their elected terms expired, brought this action in federal… Held: In view of the unsettled state of Texas law as to whether the state constitutional provisions ensure justices of the peace and constables tenure until their elected terms expire even when the challenged statute would require their ouster, the District Court should have abstained from deciding the federal constitutional issue, it…

The Military Selective Service Act provides that a serviceman who applies for re-employment if still qualified shall be restored by his… Held: In this case the Act's provisions do not entitle petitioner employee to full vacation benefits for the years he was in military service, under the terms of a collective-bargaining agreement that conditioned the award of such benefits on the receipt of earnings during 25 weeks of the previous year, since the vacation scheme was…

Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that it is a violation of the Fourth Amendment to detain an individual for an extended period of time without a probable cause hearing by a neutral magistrate.

United States v. Bisceglia, 420 U.S. 141 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that the Internal Revenue Service has exploratory as well as investigatory powers; the Service may issue a summons when the name of the taxpayer is unknown.

Drope v. Missouri, 420 U.S. 162 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held a Missouri trial court deprived a defendant of due process by failing to order a competency examination after he was hospitalized following an attempted suicide and as a result missed a portion of his trial for a capital offense.

Service Order No. 1134, promulgated by the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) without notice or hearing pursuant to its emergency powers under § 1(15) of the Interstate Commerce Act, which limited the holding time of lumber cars at reconsignment points to five working days and subjected the shipper holding the car at such points for more than that period to the sum of the rates from origin, to hold point, to destination, held within the ICC's power under § 1(15) to avoid…

Antoine v. Washington, 420 U.S. 194 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that treaties and laws must be construed in favor of Native Americans (Indians); that the Supremacy Clause precludes the application of state game laws to the tribe; that Congress showed no intent to subject the tribe to state jurisdiction for hunting; and while the state can regulate non-Indians in the ceded area, Indians must be exempted from such regulations.

Held: that an order to divest unlawfully acquired assets is an appropriate remedy for violation of a consent order barring acquisition.

NLRB v. J. Weingarten, Inc., 420 U.S. 251 (1975), is a United States labor law case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It held that employees in unionized workplaces have the right under the National Labor Relations Act to the presence of a union steward during any management inquiry that the employee reasonably believes may result in discipline.

NLRB v. Weingarten, Inc., 420 U.S. 251 , 95 S.Ct. 959, 43 L.Ed.2d 171; 416 U.S. 968, 94 S.Ct. 1990, 40 L.Ed.2d 557 (1974). Held: as the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held in Weingarten, that this was an impermissible construction of § 7 and denied enforcement of so much of the Board's order as directed respondent to cease and desist from requiring an employee requesting such representation to take part in such an interview without that representation…

Lefkowitz v. Newsome, 420 U.S. 283 (1975), is a U.S. Supreme Court case which held that when state law permits a defendant to plead guilty without giving up his right to judicial review of specified constitutional issues, such as the lawfulness of a search or the voluntariness of a confession, the defendant is not prevented from pursuing those constitutional claims in a federal habeas corpus proceeding.

Held: was not a requirement for the recovery of damages. Instead, “[i]t need only be established that the defendants did not, in the light of all the circumstances, act in good faith. The test is an objective, rather than a subjective, one.” 485 F. 2d, at 191 (footnote omitted).

The jury entered a guilty verdict against respondent for a federal offense, but on one of respondent's postverdict motions the District Court dismissed the indictment on the ground that the delay… Held: When a trial judge rules in favor of the defendant after a guilty verdict has been entered by the trier of fact, the Government may appeal from that ruling without contravening the Double Jeopardy Clause. Pp. 335-353.

Held: Although it is not clear whether or not the District Court's judgment discharging respondent was a resolution of the factual issues against the Government, it suffices for double jeopardy purposes, and therefore for determining appealability under 18 U.S.C. § 3731, that further proceedings of some sort, devoted to resolving factual issues going to the elements of the offense charged and resulting in supplemental…

Williams & Wilkins Co. v. United States, 487 F.2d 1345 (Ct. Cl. 1973), was an important intellectual property decision by the federal Court of Claims, later affirmed by a per curiam opinion from an evenly divided United States Supreme Court, with only eight justices voting (Harry Blackmun took no part in the decision of this case). The decision held that it was a fair use for libraries to photocopy articles for use by patrons engaged in scientific research.

Serfass v. United States, 420 U.S. 377 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that the Double Jeopardy Clause does not prohibit an appeal by the government of a pretrial dismissal because the criminal defendant has yet not been put in jeopardy by a trial.

Held: “were purposely omitted from the congressional scheme.” 160 U. S. App. D. C., at 107, 489 F. 2d, at 1231 . The Court of Appeals also held, however, that the Commission’s licensing authority under the “surplus water” clause of § 4 (e) is not similarly limited.

Held: of such portions of its reservations not allotted as such tribe shall from time to time, consent to sell, on such terms and conditions as shall be considered just and equitable between the United States and said tribe of Indians, which purchase shall not be complete until ratified by Congress; and the form and manner of executing such release shall also be prescribed by Congress. 69 Whereas the Sisseton and Wahpeton…

Cox Broadcasting Corp. v. Cohn, 420 U.S. 469 (1975), was a United States Supreme Court case involving freedom of the press publishing public information. The Court held that both a Georgia statute prohibiting the release of a rape victim's name and its common-law privacy action counterpart were unconstitutional. The case was argued on November 11, 1974, and decided on March 3, 1975.

Held: in which 1,940 leases, embracing over eight million acres, have been issued.

Petitioner, a promoter of theatrical productions, applied to respondents, members of a municipal board charged with managing a city… Held: Respondents denial of use of the municipal facilities for the production, which was based on the board members' judgment of the musical's content, constituted a prior restraint. Shuttlesworth v. Birmingham, 394 U.S. 147, 89 S.Ct. 935, 22 L.Ed.2d 162; Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296, 60 S.Ct. 900, 84 L.Ed. 1213. Pp. 552-558. 2.

For the purposes of eligibility for benefits under the Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) program, § 406(a) of the Social Security Act defines 'dependent child' as 'a needy child (1) who… Held: The term 'dependent child,' as so defined, does not include unborn children, and hence States receiving federal financial aid under the AFDC program are not required to offer welfare benefits to pregnant women for their unborn children. Pp. 578-586.

Ohio's public nuisance statute provides, inter alia, that a place exhibiting obscene films is a nuisance, requires up to a year's… Held: Under the circumstances, the principles of Younger are applicable even though the state proceeding is civil in nature, and the District Court should have applied the tests laid down in Younger in determining whether to proceed to the merits and should not have entertained the action unless appellee established that early intervention…

The Immigration and Naturalization Service, relying on § 241(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality Act, instituted deportation proceedings against petitioners, a husband and wife who… Held: Petitioners were deportable under § 241(a)(2) of the Act, which establishes as a separate ground for deportation, quite independently of whether the alien was excludable at the time of his arrival, the failure of an alien to present himself for inspection at the time he made his entry.

Weinberger v. Wiesenfeld, 420 U.S. 636 (1975), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court, which unanimously held that the gender-based distinction under 42 U.S.C. § 402(g) of the Social Security Act of 1935—which permitted widows but not widowers to collect special benefits while caring for minor children—violated the right to equal protection secured by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

The New Hampshire Commuters Income Tax imposes a tax on nonresidents' New Hampshire-derived income above $2,000 at a 4% rate, except that if… Held: Under the rule requiring substantial equality of treatment for the citizens of the taxing State and nonresident taxpayers, the New Hampshire Commuters Income Tax violates the Privileges and Immunities Clause, since the tax falls exclusively on nonresidents' incomes and is not offset even approximately by other taxes imposed upon…

United States v. Feola, 420 U.S. 671 (1975), is a United States Supreme Court case in which the court held that conspiracy to assault a federal officer, like the substantive crime of assaulting a federal officer, doesn't require knowledge that the victims were federal officers.

Held: accordingly, that Harris’ credibility was appropriately impeached by the use of his earlier conflicting statements. We see no valid distinction to be made in the application, of the principles of Harris to that case and to Hass’ case. Hass’ statements were made after the defendant knew Osterholme’s opposing testimony had been ruled inadmissible for the prosecution’s case in chief.

Held: rendered the amended section invalid because in conflict with the Social Security Act, § 402(a), 42 U.S.C. § 602(a), insofar as it required recipient cooperation in a paternity or support action against an absent parent as a condition of eligibility for benefits under the program for Aid to Families with Dependent Children.

Schlesinger v. Councilman, 420 U.S. 738 (1975), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States.

Each of the eight petitioners, along with seven unindicted coconspirators and six codefendants, was charged with conspiring to violate (18 U.S.C. § 371), and with violating, 18 U.S.C. § 1955, a… Held: Petitioners were properly convicted and punished for violating 18 U.S.C. § 1955 and for conspiring to violate that statute, it being clear that Congress in enacting the Act intended to retain each offense as an independent curb in combating organized crime. Pp. 777-791.