45 U.S.C. § 561
Section 561 · 561 to 563. Repealed. Pub. L. 103272, 7(b), July 5, 1994, 108 Stat. 1379
This is the Federal Employers' Liability Act
Applied in 32 court decisions — leading case National Railroad Passenger Corporation v. National Assn. of Railroad Passengers (1974)
Most recently applied in Ass'n of Am. Railroads v. U.S. Dep't of Transp. (July 2018)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 561, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 401, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1334; Pub. L. 93–146, § 9, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 551, related to assumption of intercity rail passenger service by National Railroad Passenger Corporation. See section 24701 of Title 49, Transportation. Section 562, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 402, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1335; Pub. L. 92–316, § 5, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 93–146, § 10, Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 552; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(a), (h), formerly 705(a), (h), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 123, 125, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 95–421, § 15, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 929; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 114, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 216, May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 418; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §§ 1181, 1188 (c), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 693, 699; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, §§ 4006, 4017 (b), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 107, 110; Pub. L. 101–641, § 9(a), Nov. 28, 1990, 104 Stat. 4658, related to facilities and service agreements. See sections 24308, 24311, and 24904 of Title 49. Section 563, Pub. L. 91–518, title IV, § 403, Oct. 30, 1970, 84 Stat. 1335; Pub. L. 92–316, § 6, June 22, 1972, 86 Stat. 229; Pub. L. 93–146, § 11(a), Nov. 3, 1973, 87 Stat. 553; Pub. L. 93–496, § 5, Oct. 28, 1974, 88 Stat. 1527; Pub. L. 94–25, §§ 5, 6, May 26, 1975, 89 Stat. 90; Pub. L. 94–210, title VII, § 706(c), (i), formerly 705(c), (i), Feb. 5, 1976, 90 Stat. 124, 125, renumbered Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 206(a), May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 412; Pub. L. 94–555, title I, § 107, Oct. 19, 1976, 90 Stat. 2616; Pub. L. 95–421, §§ 16–18, Oct. 5, 1978, 92 Stat. 929, 930; Pub. L. 96–73, title I, § 115, Sept. 29, 1979, 93 Stat. 542; Pub. L. 96–254, title II, § 213, May 30, 1980, 94 Stat. 417; Pub. L. 96–448, title V, § 508(f), Oct. 14, 1980, 94 Stat. 1958; Pub. L. 97–35, title XI, §§ 1182(a), 1183 (e), Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 693, 697; Pub. L. 99–272, title IV, § 4014(a)(1), Apr. 7, 1986, 100 Stat. 109; Pub. L. 102–533, §§ 7(b), 10, Oct. 27, 1992, 106 Stat. 3519, 3520, related to State supported institution or retention of rail passenger service. See sections 24703, 24704, and 24708 of Title 49.