United States v. Echols’s Empirical Analysis
477 F.2d 37 · 1973
Citation profile
50 federal appellate · 1 district · 6 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 67 later decisions — most recently January 1993 · most notably United States v. Hutchinson (1973), United States v. Franklin (1984)
50 federal appellate · 1 district · 6 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 922 (Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 841 (§ 401 of the Controlled Substances Act) · 21 U.S.C. § 844 (§ 404 of the Controlled Substances Act)
Relies on Coolidge v. New Hampshire · Sedillo v. United States · Burdeau v. McDowell · O’Callahan v. Parker, Warden · Smith v. Crouse
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 67 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[Sjearches of luggage by airline employees are private searches that are invulnerable to fourth amendment attack so long as the searches are conducted by the carrier for its own purpose and without the instigation or participation of government officers. Id. at 815 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passagee.g. Gundlach v. Janing
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.