Volume 479 — United States Reports

This is a list of all the United States Supreme Court cases from volume 479 of the United States Reports:

The Civil Rights Attorney's Fees Awards Act of 1976, 42 U.S.C. § 1988, provides that "[i]n any action or proceeding to enforce" certain enumerated civil rights laws, including Title VI of the… Held: Under § 1988's plain language and legislative history, only a court in an action to enforce one of the civil rights laws listed in § 1988 may award attorney's fees. Here, the action for attorney's fees is not, and was never, an action to enforce any of those laws. Pp. 11-15. 2.

Section 1 of Article XV of the Agreement in Implementation of Article III of the Panama Canal Treaty provides that the Panama Canal Commission and its contractors "are exempt from payment in the… Held: Article XV applies only to Panamanian taxes, and hence petitioners are not entitled to refunds of United States income taxes paid.

Held: therefore, that this particular condition of Robinson's probation was not protected from discharge by § 523(a)(7). Accordingly, it reversed the District Court. We granted the State's petition for a writ of certiorari. 475 U. S. 1009 (1986). We have jurisdiction to review the judgment of the Court of Appeals under 28 U. S. C. § 1254 (1). We reverse.

Held: by showing that he had a sincere religious belief that conflicted with the employer’s attendance requirements, that the employer was aware of the belief, and that he suffered a detriment— namely, a loss of pay — from the conflict. 5 The court then assumed that the employer’s leave policy constituted a reasonable accommodation to Philbrook’s belief.

Held: in the alternative, that Hector's relationship with her nieces was not akin to a mother and daughter relationship, and that, in any event, the nieces would not experience extreme hardship as a result of Hector's deportation. The Court of Appeals held, however, that the Board had foreclosed presentation of evidence on these issues, and had not meaningfully addressed each relevant factor.

Section 16 of the Clayton Act entitles a private party to sue for injunctive relief against "threatened loss or damage by a violation of the antitrust… Held: A private plaintiff seeking injunctive relief under § 16 must show a threat of injury "of the type the antitrust laws were designed to prevent and that flows from that which makes defendants' acts unlawful." Brunswick Corp. v. Pueblo Bowl-O-Mat, Inc., 429 U.S. 477, 489, 97 S.Ct. 690, 697, 50 L.Ed.2d 701. Pp. 109-113. 2.

Appellant, a New Jersey corporation with its principal office and only manufacturing facilities located in North Carolina, blends tobacco… Held: This Court has appellate jurisdiction as to the North Carolina Supreme Court's judgment, under 28 U.S.C. § 1257(2), which extends such jurisdiction to review a "final" judgment "rendered by the highest court of a State in which a decision could be had . . . where is drawn in question the validity of a statute of any state on the…

Colorado v. Connelly, 479 U.S. 157 (1986), was a U.S. Supreme Court case that was initiated by Francis Connelly, who insisted that his schizophrenic episode rendered him incompetent, nullifying his waiver of his Miranda rights.

A Washington statute (§ 29.18.110) requires that a minor-party candidate for office receive at least 1% of all votes cast for that office in the State's primary election before the… Held: Section 29.18.110 is constitutional. Pp. 193-199. (a) States have a right to require candidates to make a preliminary showing of substantial support in order to qualify for a place on the ballot. Jenness v. Fortson, 403 U.S. 431, 91 S.Ct. 1970, 29 L.Ed.2d 554; American Party of Texas v.

A Connecticut statute (§ 9-431), enacted in 1955, requires voters in any political party primary to be registered members of that party. Held: Section 9-431 impermissibly burdens the rights of the Party and its members protected by the First and Fourteenth Amendments. Pp. 213-225. (a) The freedom of association protected by those Amendments includes partisan political organization.

Massachusetts Citizens for Life was a nonprofit corporation, aiming to "defend the right to life of all human beings born and unborn," with advocacy activities.

California Federal Savings & Loan Ass'n v. Guerra, 479 U.S. 272 (1987), is a US labor law case of the United States Supreme Court about whether a state may require employers to provide greater pregnancy benefits than required by federal law, as well as the ability to require pregnancy benefits to women without similar benefits to men. The court held that The California Fair Employment and Housing Act §12945(b)(2), which requires employers to provide leave and reinstatement to employees disabled by pregnancy, is consistent with federal law.

The President declared floods that occurred in 1972 in West Virginia to be "major disasters," qualifying the affected areas for federal relief… Held: West Virginia is liable for prejudgment interest on the debt arising from the contractual obligation to reimburse the United States for services rendered by the Corps. The rule governing the interest to be recovered as damages for delayed payment of a contractual obligation to the United States is not controlled by state law.

Griffith v. Kentucky, 479 U.S. 314 (1987), is a case decided by the United States Supreme Court.

Under § 101-bb of New York's Alcoholic Beverage Control Law and implementing regulations of the State Liquor Authority (SLA), liquor retailers must charge at least 112 percent of the wholesaler's… Held: Section 101-bb is inconsistent with § 1 of the Sherman Act. Resale price maintenance has long been regarded as a per se antitrust violation. The New York statute, which applies to all liquor wholesalers and retailers, allows "vertical control" by wholesalers of retail prices.

Congress passed a bill conditioning the continuance of military aid to El Salvador upon the President's semiannual certification of that nation's progress in protecting human rights. Held: The case is moot. Article III requires that there be a live case or controversy at the time a federal court decides the case; it is not enough that there may have been a live case or controversy when the case was decided by the court whose judgment this Court is reviewing.

Colorado v. Bertine, 479 U.S. 367 (1987), was a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Fourth Amendment does not prohibit a State from proving charges with the evidence discovered during an inventory search.

Petitioner Security Pacific National Bank (Security Pacific) applied to the Comptroller of the Currency for permission to establish an affiliate named Discount Brokerage, and to offer discount… Held: Respondent has standing to maintain this lawsuit.

The Brooke Amendment to the Housing Act of 1937 imposed a ceiling on rents charged to low-income persons living in public housing projects, and, as later amended, provides that a low-income family… Held: Nothing in the Housing Act or the Brooke Amendment evidences that Congress intended to preclude petitioners' § 1983 claim against respondent.

Section 3505 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (Code) provides that persons such as lenders, who are not employers but who directly or indirectly pay employees' wages, will be personally liable… Held: Section 6303(a) does not require the Government to provide notice and a demand for payment to a lender before bringing a civil suit to collect sums for which the lender is liable under § 3505. Pp. 446-449.

Since the 1930's, railroads, motor carriers, and freight forwarders have offered both trailer-on-flatcar (TOFC) and container-on-flatcar (COFC) services, forms of mixed train and truck transportation… Held: The grant of authority to the ICC under § 10505(f) encompasses the motor freight portion of a Plan II shipment entirely within the State.

Held: over one judge’s dissent, that “a community may not annex adjacent white areas while applying a wholly different standard to black areas and failing to annex them based on that discriminatory standard.” 568 P. Supp., at 1460.

The Clean Water Act (Act) prohibits the discharge of effluents into navigable waters unless the point source has obtained a permit from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Held: The Act pre-empts the common law of an affected State to the extent that that law seeks to impose liability on a point source in another State. Pp. 487-497.

Petitioner, who had been on pregnancy leave from her employment pursuant to the employer's policy that she would be rehired only if a position was available when she was ready to return to work, was… Held: The Missouri statute is consistent with the Federal statute. The plain import of § 3304(a)(12)'s language is that Congress intended only to prohibit States from singling out pregnancy for unfavorable treatment and not to mandate preferential treatment.

Respondent, while in custody on suspicion of sexual assault, was three times advised by the police of his Miranda rights. Held: The Constitution did not require suppression of respondent's incriminating statement. Pp. 527-530.

A jury found respondent guilty of forcible rape and first-degree murder at his California state-court trial. Held: The instruction in question does not violate the Eighth and Fourteenth Amendments when given during the penalty phase of a capital murder trial. Pp. 541-543.

Colorado v. Spring, 479 U.S. 564 (1987), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that a suspect's awareness of the crimes about which he may be questioned is not relevant to his waiver of his Fifth Amendment rights.

Held: however, that petitioner had failed to show that he was prejudiced by the inadequacy of his counsel, as required by Strickland, supra.

Held: inter alia, that the statute, while facially valid, was unconstitutional as applied to this case.