United States v. Constant’s Empirical Analysis
501 F.2d 1284 · 1974
Citation profile
38 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 45 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently August 2015 · most notably Williams v. United States (1982), United States v. Hornaday (2004)
38 federal appellate · 1 district · 3 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 3651
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Glasser v. United States · Kotteakos v. United States · Pereira v. United States · Hagner v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 45 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Reviewing the case from the perspective provided in Kotteakos [ ] we stand convinced that the judgment was not substantially swayed by the error, and that the error had but slight effect on the jury. The evidence of guilt here is overwhelming.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“This collection was made possible by the bank’s procedure of clearing checks through the mail. The use of the mails in achieving this result is sufficient to make Constant’s conduct punishable under 18 U.S.C. § 1341 .”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“of a type that has the potential for great prejudice,”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.