United States v. Box’s Empirical Analysis
530 F.2d 1258 · 1976
Citation profile
45 federal appellate · 1 district ·
How this case has been cited
Cited by 50 later decisions — most recently July 1993 · most notably United States v. McCoy (1976), United States v. Leslie (1976)
45 federal appellate · 1 district ·
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1955
Relies on Glasser v. United States · Iannelli v. United States · Bell v. United States · Barrett v. United States · Cole v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 50 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“. it seems clear that, at least in this circuit, a professional gambler who accepts bets in the nature of lay off bets and, additionally provides line information to the same bookmaking operation can be convicted as part of that operation under § 1955. The cases establish, then, that one who accepts lay off bets can be convicted if any of the following factors is also present: . . . evidence that the individual performed any other substantial service for the bookmaker’s operation, as, for example, in the supply of line information; or evidence that the individual was conducting his own illegal gambling operation and was regularly exchanging lay off bets with the other bookmakers. At 1266.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the prosecution,”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[A] successful bookmaker is not a gambler but a business man. He makes his profit not from winning bets, but from collecting a certain percentage of the amount bet that the losing bettors must pay for the privilege of betting. This percentage, usually ten percent, is called ‘juice’ or ‘vigorish.’ A bookmaker normally has a ‘line’ or ‘point spread’ on each game on which he is taking bets. The calculation is that an equal number of wagered dollars will be attracted to either side of the point spread. Thus, if the line in [college] football is [Miami] by six over [Washington], the bookmaker expects some bettors to wager as much on [Washington] to win or to lose by six or fewer points as others will bet on [Miami] to prevail by more than six points. When this is true, the bookmaker is guaranteed a profit of exactly ten percent. When it is not, he may win more than ten percent or fail to clear ten percent. When the bets placed with a bookmaker are unbalanced, the risk-averse entrepreneur will adopt one of two strategies. The bookmaker may adjust his line up or down until it reaches equilibrium. More likely, he will seek to ‘layoff’ a bet to another bookmaker or to a mere bettor. That is, the bookmakers will bet the more popular of the two teams in the amount (ideally) by which bets on that team exceed the sum bet on the disfavored team at a given point spread. If the popular team wins, he will thus pay out to his bettors more than he took in, but will offset this disbursement by h”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.