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556 F.2d 881

Docket No. 76-2123.

Ray v. Mabry

Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals

Submitted June 3, 1977.

Decided June 9, 1977.

Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals · decided 1977-06-09

3 counsel of record

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

“'[F]or prison officials knowingly to compel convicts to perform physical labor which is beyond their strength, or which constitutes a danger to their lives or health, or which is unduly painful constitutes an infliction of cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eighth Amendment....'”

quoted by 5 later decisions, including Woodall v. Partilla, 779 F. Supp. 987 - Choate v. Lockhart

“excessive hours [90 to 120 hours per week], from working on Sundays, and from being compelled to perform duties beyond his physical capabilities.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Howard v. King

Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act))

Relies on Red Ball Motor Freight, Inc. v. Shannon · Jackson v. Bishop · Holt v. Sarver

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Opinion by (per_curiam) · Decided 1977-06-09

How this case has been cited

Cited by 46 later decisions — most recently August 2023 · most notably Howard v. King (1983), Martin v. Sargent (1985)

23 federal appellate · 2 district ·

220197719801990200020102020decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

View the full empirical analysis of this case →

¶1Tommy F. Ray, pro se.

¶2John Purtle, Little Rock,’ Ark., for appellant.

¶3Bill Clinton, Atty. Gen., and Robert A. Newcomb, Asst. Atty. Gen., Little Rock, Ark., for appellees.

¶4Before LAY, BRIGHT and STEPHENSON, Circuit Judges.

¶5PER CURIAM.

¶6This is an appeal by an inmate of the Cummins Unit of the Arkansas Department of Correction. Tommy F. Ray filed suit in the United States District Court for the *882Eastern District of Arkansas against officials of the Arkansas Department of Correction alleging violations of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. His complaint was dismissed for failure to state a claim for relief. We remand for an evidentiary hearing.

¶7In his complaint Ray alleged that in May of 1976 he was given Class I Trusty status and his work assignment was changed from garden squad to the garage. He now is “flat man” and his duties include repairing various flat tires, pushing non-operative machinery, and other manual labor. He alleged that he works 90 to 120 hours per week including Sunday work, and further stated that he cannot do the hard labor assigned to him because he is physically disabled. Finally, he contends that he is constantly cursed and threatened by prison supervisors. Petitioner sought an injunction relieving him from working excessive hours, from working on Sundays, and from being compelled to perform duties beyond his physical capabilities.

¶8On appeal Ray contends that his work requirements constitute involuntary servitude, and that his complaint, therefore, states a claim under the Thirteenth Amendment. He further contends that his allegations regarding excessive working hours, overly arduous tasks, and abusive treatment state a claim of cruel and unusual punishment. Finally, Ray maintains that compelling him to work on Sundays violates his freedom of worship.1

¶9Ray’s contention that his work requirements constitute involuntary servitude in violation of the Thirteenth Amendment is without merit. Compelling prison inmates to work does not contravene the Thirteenth Amendment. See Draper v. Rhay, 315 F.2d 193, 197 (9th Cir.), cert. denied, 375 U.S. 915, 84 S.Ct. 214, 11 L.Ed.2d 153 (1963); Howerton v. Mississippi County, Ark., 361 F.Supp. 356, 364 (E.D. Ark. 1973); Holt v. Sarver, 309 F.Supp. 362, 369-72 (E.D. Ark. 1970), aff’d, 442 F.2d 304 (8th Cir. 1971).

¶10However there are circumstances in which prison work requirements can constitute cruel and unusual punishment. See Jackson v. Bishop, 268 F.Supp. 804, 816 (E.D. Ark. 1967), vacated on other grounds, 404 F.2d 571 (8th Cir. 1968); Talley v. Stephens, 247 F.Supp. 683, 687 (E.D. Ark. 1965). Cf. Wilbron v. Hutto, 509 F.2d 621 (8th Cir. 1975). The court in Talley stated:

[F]or prison officials knowingly to compel convicts to perform physical labor which is beyond their strength, or which constitutes a danger to their lives or health, or which is unduly painful constitutes an infliction of cruel and unusual punishment prohibited by the Eight Amendment to the Constitution of the United States as included in the 14th Amendment.

¶11247 F.Supp. at 687, quoted in Jackson v. Bishop, supra, 268 F.Supp. at 816.

¶12Under these principles petitioner’s contentions, if proven, could constitute cruel and unusual punishment.2 Therefore, we find that his complaint does state a claim and should not have been dismissed.

¶13Petitioner’s religious claim is too conclusory to state a claim for relief. Ray does not allege that he is a follower of a religion which prohibits working on Sunday, or that his work deprives him of an opportunity to spend some part of Sunday in worship. However, in light of our remand on the cruel and unusual punishment claim, the district court may review Ray’s religious claim at the same time.

¶14*883The dismissal is reversed and the cause remanded for further consideration.3

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