Florida v. Harris’s Empirical Analysis

Citation profile

26 federal appellate · 9 district · 76 state decisions

Most-quoted passages

The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 196 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.

1. “a fluid concept-turning on the assessment of probabilities in particular factual contexts-not readily, or even usefully, reduced to a neat set of legal rules.”

   4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. United States v. Rasberry · United States v. Tagg

2. “[a] defendant... must have an opportunity to challenge such evidence of a dog’s reliability, whether by cross-examining the testifying officer or by introducing his own fact or expert witnesses. The defendant, for example, may contest the adequacy of a certification or training program, perhaps asserting that its standards are too lax or its methods faulty So too, the defendant may examine how the dog (or handler) performed in the assessments made in those settings.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. United States v. Agramonte-Quezada · State v. Bond

3. “[E]vidence of a dog's satisfactory performance in a certification or training program can itself provide sufficient reason to trust his alert.”

   3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
   e.g. United States v. Tuton · State v. Bond