Womack v. Munson’s Empirical Analysis
619 F.2d 1292 · 1980
Citation profile
126 federal appellate · 20 district · 11 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 225 later decisions — most recently July 2024 · most notably Ross v. Communications Satellite Corp. (1985), Booker v. Brown & Williamson Tobacco Co. (1989)
126 federal appellate · 20 district · 11 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 704 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Christiansburg Garment Co. v. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 225 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“(i)t shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to discriminate against any of his employees ... because (that employee) has opposed any practice made an unlawful employment practice by this subchapter, or because he has made a charge ... under this subchapter.”
11 later decisions quote this exact passage“dispel the inference of retaliation by establishing the existence of a legitimate reason.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The merits of a charge made against an employer is irrelevant to its protected status. Abramson v. University of Hawaii, 594 F.2d 202 , 211 (9th Cir.1979); Pettway v. American Cast Iron Pipe Co., 411 F.2d 998 , 1007 (5th Cir.1969). Access is protected; administrative and judicial mechanisms determine the truth, falsity, frivolousness or maliciousness of an EEOC charge or court complaint. Thus, employer retaliation even against those whose charges are unwarranted cannot be sanctioned.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.