Bell v. Watkins’s Empirical Analysis
692 F.2d 999 · 1982
Citation profile
40 federal appellate · 1 district · 36 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 119 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently January 2019 · most notably 444 So. 2d 358 - Brown v. Credit Center, Inc. (1983), 430 So. 2d 832 - Read v. State (1983)
40 federal appellate · 1 district · 36 state decisions — followed in 10 states
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 3006A (Criminal Justice Act) · 28 U.S.C. § 2241 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996) · 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Chapman v. State of California · Giglio v. United States · Wainwright v. Sykes · Gregg v. Georgia · Cuyler v. Sullivan
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 119 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[t]he due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires a trial judge to give a lesser included offense instruction to the jury 'if the evidence would permit a jury to find [the defendant] guilty of the lesser offense and acquit him of the greater.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“(2) The killing of a human being without the authority of law by any means or in any manner shall be capital murder in the following cases: (a) Murder which is perpetrated by killing a peace officer or fireman while such officer or fireman is acting in his official capacity or by reason of an act performed in his official capacity, and with knowledge that the victim was a peace officer or fireman.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent“(1) The killing of a human being without the authority of law by any means or in any manner shall be murder in the following cases: ..... (b) When done in the commission of an act eminently dangerous to others and evincing a depraved heart, regardless of human life, although without any premeditated design to effect the death of any particular individual.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the dissent
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.