Zygadlo v. Wainwright’s Empirical Analysis
720 F.2d 1221 · 1983
Citation profile
23 federal appellate · 1 district · 13 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 52 later decisions — most recently July 2023 · most notably United States v. Brazel (1997), William Duane Elledge v. Richard L. Dugger (1987)
23 federal appellate · 1 district · 13 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 2254 (Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996)
Relies on Illinois v. Allen · Estelle v. Williams · Time, Inc. v. Bon Air Hotel, Inc. · United States v. Mazurie · Frey v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 52 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“Shackles may be necessary to prevent the defendant from disrupting the trial ... and to protect the physical well-being of the jury, lawyers, judge, and other trial participants.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“Not only is it possible that the sight of shackles and gags might have a significant effect on the jury’s feelings about the defendant, but the use of this technique is itself something of an affront to the very dignity and decorum of judicial proceedings that the judge is trying to uphold.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Asch v. State“[R]estraints may confuse the defendant, impair his ability to confer with counsel, and significantly affect the trial strategy he chooses to follow.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.