8 U.S.C. § 44
Section 44 · 44, 45. Repealed. June 25, 1948, ch. 645, 21, 62 Stat. 862, eff. Sept. 1, 1948
Applied in 14 court decisions — leading case Hall v. United States (1948)
Most recently applied in 363 F. Supp. 1110 - Healy v. Edwards (August 1973)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Section 44, act Mar. 1, 1875, ch. 114, 4, 18 Stat. 336, related to exclusion of jurors on account of race or color. See section 243 of Title 18, Crimes and Criminal Procedure. Section 45, acts Mar. 1, 1875, ch. 114, 3, 18 Stat. 336; May 28, 1896, ch. 252, 19, 29 Stat. 184, related to prosecutions for banning jurors because of race or color. See section 243 of Title 18.