Hall v. Ford’s Empirical Analysis
856 F.2d 255 · 1988
Citation profile
82 federal appellate · 63 district · 16 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 204 later decisions — most recently July 2025 · most notably Tao v. Freeh L (1994), Davis v. Heckler (1989)
82 federal appellate · 63 district · 16 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 5 U.S.C. § 2302
Relies on Board of Regents of State Colleges v. Roth · Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education v. Doyle · Pickering v. Board of Education of Township High School District 205 Will County Illinois · Cleveland Board of Education v. Loudermill · Perry v. Sindermann
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 204 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“as a citizen, in commenting upon matters of public concern”
10 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[h]igh-level officials must be permitted to accomplish their organizational objectives through key deputies who are loyal, cooperative, willing to carry out their superiors' policies, , and perceived by the public as sharing their superiors' aims.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the concurrence““Whether the statement impairs discipline by superiors or harmony among co-workers, has a detrimental impact on close working relationships for which personal loyalty and confidence are necessary, or impedes the performance of the speaker’s duties or interferes with the regular operation of the enterprise.””
5 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.