Gutzwiller v. Fenik’s Empirical Analysis
860 F.2d 1317 · 1988
Citation profile
78 federal appellate · 7 district · 17 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 210 later decisions — most recently July 2022 · most notably Saulpaugh v. Monroe Community Hospital (1993), Davis v. Heckler (1989)
78 federal appellate · 7 district · 17 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 20 U.S.C. § 1681 (§ 901 of the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972) · 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (Civil Rights Act of 1871 / Section 1983 (Ku Klux Klan Act)) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 701 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 706 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Albemarle Paper Co. v. Moody · Benton v. Maryland · Bishop v. Wood · Smith v. Wade · Palko v. State of Connecticut
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 210 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“protects specific fundamental rights of individual freedom and liberty from deprivation at the hands of arbitrary and capricious government action.”
6 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'such intent could have played a role in an adverse employment decision. Rather, a plaintiff is required to demonstrate that the adverse employment decision would not have been made”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“completely redress the economic injury the plaintiff has suffered as a result of discrimination.”
4 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.