Tipton v. Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce’s Empirical Analysis
872 F.2d 1491 · 1989
Citation profile
15 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 76 later decisions — most recently February 2019 · most notably Holifield v. Reno (1997), Gupta v. Florida Board of Regents (2000)
15 federal appellate · 4 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 28 U.S.C. § 1912 · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 703 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964) · 42 U.S.C. § 2000E (§ 704 of the Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964)
Relies on Texas Department of Community Affairs v. Burdine · Anderson v. City of Bessemer City · Kotteakos v. United States · United States Postal Service Board of Governors v. Aikens · Pullman-Standard v. Swint
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 76 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
““(1) engaged in protected opposition to Title VII discrimination or participated in a Title VII proceeding; (2) was disadvantaged by an action of the employer simultaneously with or subsequent to such opposition or participation; and (3) that there is a causal connection between the protected activity and the adverse employment action.””
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“need not prove the underlying claim of discrimination which led to [his] protest;”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majoritye.g. Holifield v. Reno
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.