United States v. Bortnovsky’s Empirical Analysis
879 F.2d 30 · 1989
Citation profile
67 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 136 later decisions (1 by the Supreme Court) — most recently June 2025 · most notably Scheidler v. National Organization for Women, Inc. (2003), United States v. Scarpa (1990)
67 federal appellate · 5 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 1341 (White-Collar Crime Penalty Enhancement Act of 2002) · 18 U.S.C. § 1962 (§ 901 of the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act) · 18 U.S.C. § 3651
Relies on Pereira v. United States · Vandygriff v. Phillips · Rideout v. United States · McNally v. United States · Schmuck v. United States
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 136 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“[w]here one does an act with knowledge that the use of the mails will follow in the ordinary course of business, or where such use can reasonably be foreseen even though not actually intended, then he `causes' mail to be used.”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“'incident to an essential part of the scheme.'”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“[p]resentation of a witness who recants or contradicts prior testimony is not to be confused with ... perjury. It was for the jury to decide whether to credit the witness.”
2 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.