¶1The defendant, a testamentary trustee, filed his account in the Probate Court for Cumberland county, therein crediting himself with various investments of the trust estate.
¶2The Judge of Probate allowed certain of these investments, and disallowed others aggregating $3059.82. From the decree of the Judge of Probate, disallowing these items, the defendant appealed to the Supreme Court of Probate. The appeal was carried to the law court, Mattocks v. Moulton, 84 Maine, 545, and an entry ordered of "decree of Probate Court affirmed with costs.” At the. April Term, 1892, of this court for Cumberland count}7, the presiding justice made a decree in accordance with the opinion and mandate of the court.
¶3By the decree of the Judge of Probate, affirmed by the Supreme Court of Probate, the defendant was charged with a balance of $5853.39, which s.um included the above amount of disallowed investments. Of this balance all but the amount of the items disallmved has been turned over by the defendant to the person entitled thereto.
¶4This action is upon the defendant’s bond as trustee. Judgment was entered in the suit for the penal amount of the bond, and a hearing had before the justice presiding at nisi prius, to determine the amount for which execution should issue, in accordance with the following stipulation of the parties : "This case is submitted to the presiding judge, who in determining the amount for which execution shall issue upon the bond in suit is authorized to make any further allowances and charges which the judge of probate might make if the account was- in settlement before him. It being the desire of the parties that the rights of Mattocks, as trustee, and the cestui que trust in the trust estate should he finally settled and adjudged in the cause according to law and equity applicable thereto.”
¶5At this hearing, the defendant claimed that he should be allowed the sum of $555.39 for costs and counsel fees incurred in the settlement of the prior account and in the appeal, includ*167ing the sum of $175 charged by him for legal services, he being a counselor at law : and including also the costs allowed against him by the final decree in the' appeal proceedings. This sum was allowed to the defendant by the judge at nisi prius, to the allowance of which the plaintiff duly and seasonably excepted.
¶6The question presented by these exceptions is, whether after a final decree by this court, affirming the decree of the Probate-Court with costs, as to the settlement of an account, a judge of probate has the power in the settlement of a subsequent account, to allow costs incurred and counsel fees for services rendered in the settlement of the prior account and in the appeal from- the decree of the Probate Court and the costs allowed against him in that proceeding.
¶7It is the opinion of the court that a judge of probate has no such power, and that consequently the ruling of the presiding justice in allowingthese items, was erroneous. The question of the allowance of costs incurred in the appeal was necessarily involved in that proceeding. By E. S., c. 63, § 30, "In all contested cases in the original or appellate court of probate, costs may be allowed to either party, to be paid by the other, or to either or both parties, to be paid out of the estate in controversy, as justice requires.” The whole subject of costs in matters of this kind rests in the discretion of the court. That discretion must be exercised in the proceedings of which the costs were incurred ; and even if a final decree is silent as to costs, it must be con-" clusively presumed that the question of the allowance of costs to either or both of the parties to the controversy was considered and passed upon. The decree of this court, made at the April term, 1892, in Cumberland county, was final as to all matters involved. We have seen that the question of the allowance of costs w'as necessarily involved : the question is therefore res adjudicata. The decree referred to was not silent as to costs but allowed them against the defendant.
¶8This rule would not deprive a judge of the power to open a prior account so far as might be necessary to correct errors, a power expressly given by statute in Massachusetts : it simply prevents a matter being re-opened which has once been adjudicated.
¶9*168In Alvord v. Stone, 78 Maine, 296, it is said : "In such case, [an appeal from a probate court] a final decree, silent as to costs, is as conclusive a bar to a recovery of them as if it affirmatively disallowed them. This court no longer has any jurisdiction over the subject.”
¶10In Lucas v. Morse, 139 Mass. 59, which decides that the probate court has no power to allow costs after a final decree has been entered in the controversy in which the costs accrued, it is said, "costs are awax’ded as a part of the judgment or decree of the cause in which they arise; and no case is cited which decides that a court, either at law or in eqxxity, can award in one case costs which have accrued in another, unless they are included in the judgmexit.”
¶11The power of the court in the allowance of costs in px’obate appeals, is precisely the same as inequity. Alvord v. Stone, supra. The rights of the parties in equity are determined by the final decree. "There must not only be a decree in favor of a pax'ty, but thex’e must also be an express ox’der or decree for his costs, or they are .lost.” Stone v. Locke, 48 Maine, 425.
¶12'But it is urged' that, even if the foregoiixg x’ule is correct as to the allowance of costs, it does not follow that it is applicable to expenses propexly and necessarily ixxcurred ixx procuring the assistaxxce of counsel.
¶13We think the prixxciple is precisely the same. The sums which were allowed in this case were for the services of counsel, and the chai’ges of the defendant for legal services, in the identical proceeding in which a final decree was made. If expenses such as these are to be allowed at all, it must be doxxe iix the judgment or decree iix the px’oceedixxg in which they were incurred.
¶14We do xxot question that costs and counsel fees properly incurred by a trustee, ixx protecting the estate coixfided to his care and paid by him, should be reimbursed to him out of the estate ; nor that trustees who are obliged to employ couxxsel in the settlement of their accounts, should be allowed to charge to the estate the reasonable expenses therefor as held by many ■cases cited in the defendant’s brief. But these rules do not apply to the question hex-e at issue.
¶15*169In Clement's appeal from probate, 49 Conn. 519, an executor in the settlement of his final account, charged the estate for his services and expenses in defending- against an appeal from the allowance by a probate court of his prior account. It was held that he was entitled to an allowance out of the estate of a portion of the expenses incurred in the previous proceeding. But the question here discussed was not raised nor considered in that case.
¶16The entry must therefore be,
¶17Exceptions sustained.