9 U.S.C. § 205
Section 205 · Removal of cases from State courts
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 173 court decisions — leading case Ruhrgas Ag v. Marathon Oil Co. (1999)
Most recently applied in Fu Wu v. Chun Liu (March 2025)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 9 U.S.C. § 201 · 9 U.S.C. § 203 · 28 U.S.C. § 1441
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Where the subject matter of an action or proceeding pending in a State court relates to an arbitration agreement or award falling under the Convention, the defendant or the defendants may, at any time before the trial thereof, remove such action or proceeding to the district court of the United States for the district and division embracing the place where the action or proceeding is pending. The procedure for removal of causes otherwise provided by law shall apply, except that the ground for removal provided in this section need not appear on the face of the complaint but may be shown in the petition for removal. For the purposes of Chapter 1 of this title any action or proceeding removed under this section shall be deemed to have been brought in the district court to which it is removed.