United States v. Benson’s Empirical Analysis
918 F.2d 1 · 1990
Citation profile
13 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
How this case has been cited
Cited by 25 later decisions — most recently April 2025 · most notably United States of America v. Don Phillip Deangelo (1994), United States v. Perry (1993)
13 federal appellate · 3 district · 1 state decisions
Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.
Relationships
Applies 18 U.S.C. § 2113 · 18 U.S.C. § 924
Relies on McLaughlin v. United States · United States v. Spedalieri · United States v. Martinez-Jimenez · United States v. Roustio · United States v. Marshall
Most-quoted passages
The sentences later courts lift from this opinion, ranked by how many decisions quote each — the parts of the opinion doing the work. These counts are smaller than the citation total above because most of the 25 citing decisions cite the case generally; a passage count includes only decisions quoting that exact language verbatim.
“dangerousness of an instrumentality used in a bank robbery is not necessarily determined simply by its inherent capacity to inflict harm, but by the dangerousness of the response it may reasonably be expected to provoke on the part of the persons who perceive that the instrumentality is dangerous”
3 later decisions quote this exact passage · from the majority“The debate surrounding the adoption of what is now section 2113 evinces congressional concern for the dangerousness of the effects of the robber's use of a device, not merely the inherent dangerousness of the device. See 78 Cong. Rec. 8132 (1934) (provision would cover use of a bottle of water which robber claimed to be nitroglycerin); see also Martinez-Jimenez, 864 F.2d 664 , 667 (9th Cir.1989).”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority“display of a gun instills fear in the average citizen; as a consequence, it creates an immediate danger that a violent response will ensue.”
1 later decision quote this exact passage · from the majority
How this case has been treated — in progress
Whether each later court followed, distinguished, criticized, or overruled this decision. The treatment classification (task #35) runs highest-cited cases first and lights up here as it reaches this one.