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98 Pa. 154

Selheimer v. Elder

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania

Decided October 3, 1881

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania · decided 1881-10-03

<p>1. A claim for speculative damages for a tort in a case which presents no fixed standard by which those damages can be liquidated is not liable to attachment execution.</p> <p>2. A railroad company entered upon and took part of the land of A. for railroad purposes without making compensation or giving bond according to law. Subsequently, B., having a judgment against A., issued an attachment execution thereon for the amount of A.’s claim against the railroad company for damages, summoning the company as garnishee. A. subsequently instituted proceedings against the company to recover those damages,, assigning his claim at the same time to O. Said proceedings resulted in an award to C. of a certain sum, which the company paid into court. A. feigned issue having been awarded between C. and B. to try whether said sum was subject to be B.’s attachment,- — Held, that the claim of A. against the railroad company, while still unliquidated, was of such a character as was not liable to attachment,. Held, further, that the assignment to O. prevented the attachment binding the damages when they'were liquidated by the award. Held, therefore, that the fund in court was not bound by the attachment.</p>

Key passage — most relied on by later courts

““We are of opinion that this claim is of such an uncertain and speculative character that it does not come within our attachment laws. There was no contract relation between Saylor and the railroad company; on the contrary, the claim is for unliquidated damages for a tortious act. “. . . there is no fixed standard by which the damages can be liquidated. They are purely speculative. There are a large number of questions to be taken into consideration in ascertaining the damages in such cases which will readily suggest themselves to the professional mind. Moreover the damages could not be liquidated in this proceeding. The attaching creditor could not try the question of the damage to Saylor in his attachment suit.””

quoted by 1 later decision, including Seaboard Commercial Corp. v. Bardell

“It was said, however, that the attachment bound after the damages had been liquidated by the award of the jury. The obvious answer to this proposition is that Saylor assigned his claim to Selheimer before the award.”

quoted by 1 later decision, including Hall v. Nunn Electric Co.

Good law ✅— No negative treatment on recordhow we know

Decided 1881-10-03

How this case has been cited

Cited by 12 later decisions — most recently December 2006

1 federal appellate · 5 state decisions

201881189019001910192019301940195019601970198019902000decided

Later decisions citing this case, by decade. The current decade is in progress, and our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so the latest bars are undercounted — not a real decline.

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Mr. Justice Paxson

¶1delivered the opinion of the court,

¶2This record presents a number of questions that need not be discussed. The case turns upon the point raised by the second assignment of error, viz.: That the fund in dispute is not the' subject of attachment.

¶3The fund sought to be reached by the attachment was a claim by George Saylor against the Sunbury & Lewistown Railroad Company for entering upon and taking a portion of his land for railroad purposes. The company entered and took the land without any agreement with Savior as to the price, and without having filed a bond as required by Act of Assembly.

¶4We are of opinion that this claim is of such an uncertain and speculative character that it does not come within our attachment laws. There was no contract relation between Saylor and the railroad company ; on the contrary, the claim is for unliquidated damages for a tortious act. Such a claim has never been held to come within the attachment laws. It was said by Thompson, J., in Girard Fire Ins. Co. v. Field, 9 Wright 133: “We cannot come to the conclusion that every unliquidated claim is without the reach of attachment process. The reason for the exception has sufficient ground to operate on in the exclusion from it of such claims as are contingent, and such as possess no fixed standard for liquidation like torts or damages for breach of contract. . . . They want tangibility, and are not .attachable, nor would they be the foundation for the process.” Even when the claim arises from a breach of contract it cannot be attached unless the damages can be reduced to certainty by a definite standard ; nor where they are speculative or incapable of being ascertained by a fixed standard : Carland v. Cunningham, 1 Wr. 228.

¶5In the case in hand there is no. fixed standard by which the damages can be liquidated. They are purely speculative. There are a large number of questions to be taken into consideration in ascertaining the damages in such cases which will readily suggest themselves to the professional mind. Moreover the damages could not be liquidated in this proceeding. The attaching *159creditor could not try the question of the damage to Saylor in his attachment suit. Such damages can only be assessed in the manner designated by the Act of Assembly. The attaching creditor has no standing to petition for a jury. The owner of the land might not do so. He has his remedy by ejectment, and may prefer to pursue it.

¶6It was said, however, that the attachment bound after the damages had been liquidated by the award of the jury. The obvious answer to this proposition is that Saylor assigned his claim to Selheimer before the award.

¶7We need not pursue the subject further. It is top plain.

¶8Judgment reversed and a venire facias de novo awarded.

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