Federal Reporter, Fourth Series

Iron Bar Holdings, LLC v. Cape was an October 2025 legal case involving property law and public access to federal lands in Wyoming. At issue was whether corner crossing on foot without physically contacting private land and without causing damage to private property constituted an unlawful trespass. The case's outcome has potentially opened up over 3,000,000 acres (12,000 km) of public land for public access in the United States.

Coney Island Auto Parts, Inc. v. Burton, 607 U.S. ___ (2026), was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States concerning whether the "reasonable time" requirement in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(c)(1) limits when a party may move under Rule 60(b)(4) to set aside a default judgment as void for lack of personal jurisdiction.

United States v. Ji Chaoqun, 107 F.4th 715 (7th Cir. 2024), is a decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit concerning 18 U.S.C. § 951, a criminal statute that imposes fines and imprisonment on agents of foreign governments who fail to register as such with the U.S. Department of Justice. The court ruled that a jury does not need to unanimously decide which specific act a foreign agent committed when charged under the statute and that the legal commercial transaction exception in 18 U.S.C. § 951(d)(4) serves as an affirmative defense, not an element of the offense.

Barrett v. United States 607 U.S. ___ (2026) is a United States Supreme Court case in which the Court held that two separate convictions under both 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1)(a)(i) and § 924(j) for a single act was not intended by Congress.

Velazquez v. Bondi, 604 U.S. 712, is a United States Supreme Court case holding that voluntary departure deadlines that end on a weekend or public holiday are automatically extended to the following business day for the purposes of filing a post-decision motion to reopen or reconsider immigration removal proceedings.

Ames v. Ohio Department of Youth Services, 605 U.S. 303 (2025), is a decision of the United States Supreme Court case about whether a claim of discrimination against a member of a majority group, commonly called reverse discrimination, requires an additional showing of "background circumstances" supporting a suspicion that the employer is "that unusual employer who discriminates against the majority". The Supreme Court, in an opinion by Justice Ketanji Brown Jackson, unanimously held that this more difficult standard for showing discrimination against a member of a majority group was at odds with Title VII and could not be used.

Stanley v. City of Sanford, 606 U.S. 46 (2025), is a United States Supreme Court decision clarifying the scope of Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act. The Court held that the Act’s antidiscrimination provision applies only to “qualified individuals”—those who, at the time of the challenged actions, “hold” or “desire” an employment position and can perform its essential functions (with or without reasonable accommodation).

Fuld v. Palestine Liberation Organization, 606 U.S. ___ (2025) is a Supreme Court of the United States case which held that the personal jurisdiction provision of the Promoting Security and Justice for Victims of Terrorism Act of 2019 (PSJVTA) does not violate the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment. It was argued on April 1, 2025 and may have a profound impact on personal jurisdiction and foreign policy in the United States.

Valancourt Books v. Garland was a lawsuit in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit that in 2023 found that mandatory deposit of books at the United States Library of Congress was in violation of the Takings Clause of the Fifth Amendment.

Little v. Hecox (consolidated with West Virginia v. B. P. J.) is a pending United States Supreme Court case regarding the constitutionality of state laws that ban transgender women and girls from participating on female athletic teams. The case challenges Idaho's 2020 Fairness in Women's Sports Act, the first law of its kind in the United States, which defines sex based on reproductive biology and genetics rather than gender identity.

Republic of Hungary v. Simon, 604 U.S. 115 (2025), is a unanimous decision of the Supreme Court of the United States, holding that for plaintiffs to sue a foreign government over illegally seized property, the expropriation exemption of the Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act requires that the property is directly traceable to transactions with a commercial nexus to the United States. The Supreme Court considered evidence that the seized property was liquidated into a general fund used for transacting with American entities insufficient, rejecting the lower courts' commingling theory.

Fischer v. United States, 603 U.S. 480 (2024), was a United States Supreme Court case about the proper use of the felony charge of obstructing an official proceeding, established in the Sarbanes–Oxley Act, against participants in the January 6 United States Capitol attack. The Supreme Court ruled 6–3 in June 2024 that the charge only applied when the defendant "impaired the availability or integrity" (attempted or successfully) of a physical document or object used in an official proceeding.

Brown v. United States, (Docket Nos. 22-6389 and 22–6640), is a United States Supreme Court case about the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA). The Supreme Court affirmed both courts of appeals, holding that a state drug conviction counts as an ACCA predicate if it involved a drug on the federal schedules at the time of that conviction.

Campos-Chaves v. Garland (Docket No. 22-674) was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States. The case asks whether the government may comply with its obligations under 8 U.S.C. § 1229(a)(1) and (2) when it provides an initial notice to appear with a date and location "to be determined" and a subsequent notice with that information included.

Peltier v. Charter Day School, Inc. is a decision of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit concerning a North Carolina public charter school's requirement that female students wear skirts. In a 2022 en banc opinion, the court held that the school's dress code violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and that Title IX applies to sex-based school dress codes. The court also held that North Carolina charter schools are state actors for purposes of constitutional claims. The Supreme Court of the United States later denied certiorari, leaving the Fourth Circuit's decision in place. The case has been discussed in legal scholarship on charter schools, state action doctrine, and Title IX.

Securities and Exchange Commission v. Jarkesy, 603 U.S. 109 (2024), was a case before the Supreme Court of the United States. In May 2022, the Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit held, under certain statutory provisions, the Securities and Exchange Commission's administrative adjudication of fraud claims without jury trials in their administrative proceedings with their own administrative law judges (ALJs) rather than Article III judges violated three provisions of the Constitution. The justices ruled that the Securities and Exchange Commission violated the Seventh Amendment.

BP p.l.c. v. Mayor and City Council of Baltimore, 593 U.S. ___ (2021), was a case in the United States Supreme Court dealing with matters of jurisdiction of various climate change lawsuits in the United States judicial system.

hiQ Labs, Inc. v. LinkedIn Corp., 938 F.3d 985 (9th Cir. 2019), was a United States Ninth Circuit case about web scraping. hiQ is a small data analytics company that used automated bots to scrape information from public LinkedIn profiles. LinkedIn used legal means to prevent this. hiQ Labs brought a case against LinkedIn in a district court, seeking an injunction against these means, which was granted. LinkedIn appealed. The 9th Circuit affirmed the district court's preliminary injunction, preventing LinkedIn from denying the plaintiff, hiQ Labs, from accessing LinkedIn's publicly available LinkedIn member profiles. However, after further appeal in another court, hiQ was found to be in breach of LinkedIn's terms, and there was a settlement.

Muldrow v. City of St. Louis (Docket 22-193) was a United States Supreme Court decision which held that Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects against discriminatory job transfers even where the transfer does not result in a significant disadvantage.

Marcus Gray et al. v. Katy Perry et al. was a copyright infringement lawsuit against Katheryn Elizabeth Hudson ("Katy Perry"), Jordan Houston ("Juicy J"), Lukasz Gottwald ("Dr. Luke"), Karl Martin Sandberg ("Max Martin"), Henry Russell Walter ("Cirkut"), Capitol Records and others, in which the plaintiffs Marcus Gray ("Flame"), Emanuel Lambert ("Da' T.R.U.T.H.") and Chike Ojukwu alleged that Perry's song "Dark Horse" infringed their exclusive rights in their song "Joyful Noise" pursuant to 17 U.S.C § 106. The focus of the similarity was a short descending pattern known in music as an "ostinato". In both songs, a short ostinato is used repeatedly to form part of the beat of each song and both ostinatos share similar descending shapes. Gray et al.

Duncan v. Bonta, No. 23-55805, is a United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit case regarding California's ban on large-capacity magazines.