Establish

* To settle certainly, fix permanently, what was before Uncertain, doubtful, or disputed; as, to establish a boundary line.^ To set or fix firmly, settle or found permanently, erect something.* Authority to establish a thing contains authority to do acts which shall produce or bring into existence something; as, authority to establish a market." In a grant of power " to establish " a market, a dispensary, etc., means to permanently create or found.' To establish a company for any business means to make complete and permanent provision for carrying on that business. 8 A county seat i$ permanently established at a place when placed there with the intention that it shall remain.* See County. The right to establish a market includes the right to shift it from place to place, as convenience demands; but gives no right to build one on the public highway. '" Compare Peemanbkt.

— Power to establish includes the power to discontinue post-offices, unless the exercise is restrained by In the Constitution the word is used in somewhat different senses: "to establish justice" seems to mean to settle firmly, fix unalterably, dispense or administer justice; "to establish a uniform rule of naturalisation, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcy," is equivalent to to make or to form, and not to fix or settle imalterably or forever; "to establish post-offices and post-routes " means to create, found, and regulate;

— to "establish this Constitution" signifies to create, ratify, confirm it.** See further Religion.

1 See 1 Bl. Com. 406. 2 F. essoine, excuse. » See 3 Bl. Com. 277. * F. establir: L. stabilis, steady, firm: stare, to stand. » Smith V. Forrest, 49 N. H. 237 (1870), Nesmith, J. » [Ketchum v. City of Buffalo, 21 Barb. 298, 296 (1854); 27 id. 260; 28 id. 65. ' Ketchum v. City of Buffalo,- 14 N. T. 361 (1856). 8 Davidson v. Lanier, 4 Wall. 455 (1866). » Newton v. Mahoning County, 100 U. S. 562 (1879); Mead v. Ballard, 7 Wall. 290 (1863); Wright v. Nagle, 101 U. S. 796 (1879); 13 HI. 463. J» Wartman v. Philadelphia, 33 Pa. 210 (1859).