A Dictionary of Law

Fr. In old English law. <A fraternity, brotherhood, or society. Cowell,

A joint obligor; one bound jointly with another or others in a bond or obligation.

In the law of homicide. Calmness or tranquillity; the undisturbed possession of one’s faculties and reason; tle absenee of violent passion, fury, or uncontrollable excitement,

Time for the mind to become so calm and sedate as that it is supposed to contemplate, comprehend, and coolly act with reference to the consequences likely to ensue. 10 Tex. App. 44

The combined action of numbers. It is of two distinct kinds: (1) Such co-operation as takes place when several persons help each other in the same employment; (2) such co-operation

Inold English law. The head or branches of a tree cut duwn; though’ cuopertio arborum igs rather the bark of

In forest law. <A covert; a thicket (dumetum) or shelter for wild beasts in a forest. Spelman.

In forest law. A thicket, or covert of wood.

A species of estate, or tenaney, which exists where lands of inheritance descend from the ancestor to two or more persons, It arises in Englund either by common Jaw or particular c

Persons to whom an estute of inheritance descends jointly, and by whom it is held as an entire estate. 2 BI. Comm. 187.

In old English law. A coparcener.

Ons who is a partner

A partnership.

In Scotch law. The contract of copartnership. A contract by which the several partners agree concerning the communication of loss or gain, arising from the subject of the contract.

A custom or tribute due to the crown or Jord of the soil,; out of: the lead mines in Derbyshire; also a hill, or the roof and covering of a house; a church vestment.

or COPESMAN. A chapman, (q. v.)

<A merchant; a partner in merchandise.

Lat. In civil and old English law. Opportunity or means of access, In old English law. <A copy. Copia libelli, the copy of a libel. Reg. Orig. 38.

The name of a writ that lay where a man could not get a copy of a libel at the hands of a spiritual judge, to have the same delivered to him, leg. Orig. 51.

In Scoteh practice. A true copy. Words written at the top of copies of instruments.

In English law. A crop or cock of grass, hay, or corn, divided into titheable portions, that it may be more fairly and justly tithed.

See Manor

or COPSE. A small wood, consisting of underwood, which may be cut at twelve or fifteen years’ growth for fuel,

The corporal consummation of marriage. Copula, (in logic,) the link between subject and predicate contained in the verb. Copulatio verborum indicat acceptationem in eodem sensu. Co

One which is placed between two or more others to join them together,

The transcript or double of an original writing; as the copy of a patent, great seal or by the seal of a court. 1 Gilb. Iev. 19. Examined captes are those which have been eompared

A species of estate at will, or customary estate in England, the only visible title to which consists of the copies of the court rolls, which are made out by the steward of the man

Commissioners appointed to carry into effect various acts of parliament, having for their principal objects the compulsory commutation of manorial burdens and restrictions, (fines,

A tenant by copyhold tenure, (by copy of court-roll.) 2 Bi. Comm. 95.

The right of literary property as recognized and sanctioned by positive law. A right granted by statute to the author or originator of certain literary or artistic productions, whe

or CORAAGEH, Measures of corn, An unusual and extraordinary tribute, arising only on special occasions They are thus distinguished from services. Mentioned in connection with hidag

Lat. Before; in presence of. Applied to persons only. Townsh, Pl. 22,

Before our lord the king. Coram domino rege wbtcumque tune fuerit Angiie, befvre our lord the king wherever he shall then be in England. 4

Beforethe king himsell. The old name of the court of king's bench, which was originally held before the king in person. 3 Bl. Comm. 41.

Before us ourselves, (the king, @. ¢., in the king’s or queen’s bench.) Applied to writs of error directed to another branch of the same court, e. g., from the full beach to the co

In presence of a person not a judge. When a suit is brouglit and determined in a court which hag no jurisdiction in the matter, then it is said to be coram non judice, and the judg

Before the peers or freeholders. The attestation of deeds, like all other solemn transactions, was originally done only coram paribus. 2 Bl. Comin. 807. Coram paribus de vieineto,

Before the suilors. Cro. Jac. 582,

Before you. A writ of error directed by a court of review to the court which tried the cause, to correct an error in fact. 3 Md. 325; 3 Steph, Comm. 642,

To forfeit one’s skin, applied to a person condemned to be whipped; anciently the punishment of a servant. Coriwum perdere, the same. Coritum redimere, to compound for a whipping.

In English law, a general term for any sort of grain; but in America it is properly applied only to maize. In the memorandim clause in policies of insurance it in- Cluiles pease an

Aspecies of tenure in England, by which the tenant was bound to blow ahorn for the sake of alarming the country on the approach of an enemy. It was 2 speties of grand serjeanty. Ba

A combination among the dealers in a specific commodity, or outside eapitulists, for the purpose of buying up the greater portion of that commodity which is upon the market or may

A commissioned officer of cavalry, ubolished in England in 1871, and not existing in the United States army.

A species of protective tariff formerly in existence in England, imposing import-duties on various kinds of grain, ‘The corn laws were abolished in 1846,

Arent in wheat or malt paid on college leases by direction of St. 18 Eliz. c.6. 2 Bl. Comm, 609.

The nameofa writ toexact a corody of an abbey or religious house.

Inold Englishlaw. A sum of money or allowance of meat, drink, and clothing due to the crown from the abbey or other religious louse, whereof it was founder, towards the sustentatio

In logic. A collateral or secondary consequence, deduction, or inference.

Thecrown. Placita corona; pleas of the crown; criminal actions or proceedings, in which the crown was the prosecutor.

In old English law. The elergy who abuse their character were socalled. Blount.

In old records. To give the tonsure, which was done on the crewn, or in the form of a crown; to make a man a priest. Cowell.

To make one’s son a priest. Homo coronatus was one Who had received the first tonsure, as preparatory to superior orders, and the tonsure was in form of a corona, or crown of thorn

The oath administered to a sovereign at the ceremony of crowning or investing him with the insignia of royalty, in acknowledgment of his right to govern the kingdom, in which he sw

A coroner, (q. %.) Spelman.

The name of a wril issued to the sheriff, commanding him to proceed to the election of a coroner.

In Enslish law. The name of a writ for the removal of a coroner, for a cause which is to be therein assigned, as that he is engaged in other business, or incapacitated by years or

In England. A tribunal of record, where a coroner holds his inquiries.

Relating to the body; bodily. Should be distinguished from corporeal, (qg. 2.) A non-commissioned officer of the lowest grade in a company of soldiers in the army.

An oath, the external solemnity of which consists in laying one’s hand upon the Gospels while the oath is administered to him. More generally, a solemn oath, The terms “corporal oa

Bodily touch; actual physical contact; manual apprehension.

Belonging to a corpe ration; as a corporate name. E as a corporate body.

When a corporation is erected, a name is always given to it, or, Supposing none to be actually given, will attach to it by implication, and by that naine alone it must sue and be s

A franchise possessed by one or more individuals, who subsist as a body politic, under a special denomination, and are vested by the policy of the law with the capacity of perpetua

In English law. The statute 13 Car. IT. St. 2, ¢. 1; by which it was provided that no person should thereafter be elected to office in any corporate town that should not, within on

A collection of several individuals united into one body, under a special denomination, and having perpetual succession under an artificial form, and vested by the policy of the Ja

Certain eourts in Virginia described as follows: “For each city of the state, there shall be a court called a ‘corporation court,’ to be held by a judge, with like qualilications a

<A corporation consisting of one person only, and his suecessors in some particular station, who ave incorporated by law in order to give them some legal capacities and advantages,

A member of a corporation aggregate. Grant, Corp. 48.

A term descriptive of such things as have an objective, material existence; perceptible by the senses of sight and touch; possessing a real body. Opposed to incorporeal and spiritu

Substantial permanent objects which may be jnherited. The term “land” will include all such. 2 G1. Comm. 17.

Such as affects the senses, and may be seen and handled by the body, as opposed to incorpone. real property, whieh cannot be seen or handled, and exists only in contemplation. Thus

Lat. By the bedy and by the mind; by the physical act and by the mental intent. Dig. 41, 2,3,

In internationullaw. Ambassadors and diplomatic persons at any court or capital.

The dead body of a human being.

(Lat.) Body; the body; an aggregate or mass, (of men, laws, or articles;) physical substance, as distinguished from intellectual conception; the principal sum or capital, as distin

In English law. <A feast instituted in 1264, in honor of the sacrament, 32 Hen. VIII. ¢. 21,

The body ofa county. The whole county, as distinguished from a part of it, or any particular place in it. 5 Mason, 290,

A corporation; a corporate body, other than municipal.

(The body with the cause.) An Inglish writ which issued out of chancery, to remove both the body and the record, touching the eause of any man lying in execution upon a judgment fo

The body of a erime. The body (material substance) upon which a crime has been committed, e. g., the corpse of a murdered man, the charred remains of a house burned down, Inaderiva

A body of law. A term used to signify a book comprehending several collections of law. There are two principal collections to which this name is given; the Corpus Juris Civilis, an

The body of thecanon law. A compilation of the eanon law, comprising the decrees and canons of Lhe Roman Church, constituting the bedy of ecclesiastical law of that church.

The body of the civil law. The system of Roman jurisprudence compiled and codified under the dircction of the emperor Justinian, in A. D, 525-534. This collection comprises the Ins

Lat. In old records. Body for body. A phrase expressing the liability of manucaptors. 8 How, State Tr. 110.

Discipline; chastise ment administered by a master or other person in authority to one who has committed an offense, for the purpose of curing his faults or bringing him into prope

HOUSE OF. A pris on for the reformation of petty or juvenile offenders.

In old English law. A clerk belonging io the staple, to write and record the bargains of merchants there made.

In Spanish law. A magistrate who took cognizance of various misdemeanors, and of civil matters. 2 White, New Recop. 53.

Lat. In the civil and Seotch law. Joint creditors; credilors in solido. Poth. Obl. pt. 2, c. 4, art. 3, $11.

Lat. In Scotch law. ‘Two or more persons bound as principal debtors to another. Ersk. Inst. 3, 3, 74.

Having a mutual or a of the other. Father and som are ive terms. Right and duty are corterms.

To strengthen; to d weight or credibility te a thing by addial and confirming facts or evidence. J ‘The expression “corroborating circumstances” wiearly does not mean facts which,

Illegality; a vicious and fraudulent intention to evade the prohibitions of the law. The act of an official or fiduciary person who unlawfully and wrongfully uses his station or ch

In English law. This was the consequence of attainder. It meant that theattainted person fould neither inherit lands or other hereditaments from his ancestor, nor retain those he a

Ancient armor which covered the body,

A mortuary, thus termed because, when a mortuary became due on the death of a man, the best or second-best beast was, according to custem, offered or presented to the priast, and c

In Saxon law. The morsel of execration. A species of ordeal in use among the Saxons, performed by eating a picce of bread over which the priest had pronounced a certuin imprecation

The name of the legislative assemblies, the parliament or congress, of Spain and Portugal.

The bark of a trea; the outer covering of anything.