authorization
Definitions from Case Law · United States Supreme Court
Definitions from Case Law
From 330 U.S. 395 - United Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners of America v. United States Bay Counties Dist Council of Carpenters · 1947Most cited · 984 citing opinions
Norris-LaGuardia Act § 6 · construing 29 U.S.C. § 101 · Norris-LaGuardia Act
the requirement of 'authorization' restricts the responsibility or liability in labor disputes of employer or employee associations, organizations or their members for unlawful acts of the officers or members of those associations or organizations, although such officers or members are acting within the scope of their general authority as such officers or members, to those associations, organizations or their officers or members who actually participate in the unlawful acts, except upon clear proof that the particular act charged, or acts generally of that type and quality, had been expressly authorized, or necessarily followed from a granted authority, by the association or non-participating member sought to be charged or was subsequently ratified by such association, organization or member after actual knowledge of its occurrence
How often courts cite the case defining “authorization”
Court decisions citing the opinion that defined “authorization” — 984 in all, by decade. Counts are citations to the defining case as a whole, not verified uses of the term. The dip in the most recent years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the latest years.