Definitions from Case Law

some of them conceivably might have been adequate to accomplish the result, and that the intent alleged would convert what on their face might be no more than ordinary acts of comp

an intent to depart in a "manner which can be regarded as meaningfully interruptive of the alien's permanent residence." 374 U. S, at 462.

It is not enough, in these cases, that the taxing officials have merely made a mistake. It is not enough that the court, if its judgment were properly invoked, would reach a differ

If a man intentionally adopts certain conduct in certain circumstances known to him, and that conduct is forbidden by the law under those circumstances, he intentionally breaks the

cases on wills may guide us to general rules of construction; but, unless a case cited be in every respect directly in point, and agree in every circumstance, it will have little o

A case may be within the meaning of a statute and not within its letter, and within its letter and not within its meaning. The intention of the law-maker constitutes the law.

The intention of the Legislature must be collected from the words which they have used, unless a different meaning can be manifestly shewn.

the words 'intent to defraud' in the context of this statute, do not require more than the defendants have, by artifice and deceit, sought to cause the deceived person to follow so

the aural acquisition of the contents of any wire or oral communication through the use of any electronic, mechanical, or other device.

Each party to a telephone conversation takes the risk that the other party may have an extension telephone and may allow another to overhear the conversation. When such takes place

something more than "commerce", and would give to the general government a wider range of power over the States, no one, I am sure, will claim for this court the power to interpola

This partial trade between the two countries, whether originating in the acts of the one government or the other, may frequently take place; but cannot, when it does, with any prop

all forms of real and personal property, including profits and proceeds.

the United States cannot be subjected to the payment of interest unless there be an authorized engagement to pay it or a statute permitting its recovery... But this exemption has n

It is a dictate of natural justice, and the law of every civilized country, that a man is bound in equity, not only to perform his engagements, but also to repair all the damages t

A suit upon a contractual obligation to pay money at a fixed or ascertainable time is a suit to recover damage for its breach, including both the principal amount and interest by w

an obligation upon which by express statutory direction interest must be paid is an interest-bearing obligation

The contract being entirely silent as to interest, if the notes should not be punctually paid, the creditor is entitled to interest after that time by operation of law, and not by

By the judiciary act of 1789, ch. 20, s. 23, the supreme court is authorized, in cases of affirmance of any judgment or decree, to award to the respondent just damages for his dela

The general rule of law, in relation to witnesses who are interested in the event of the cause, goes no farther than to exclude them from giving evidence in favour of that party to

The general rule in bankruptcy and in equity receivership has been that interest on the debtors' obligations ceases to accrue at the beginning of proceedings. Exaction of interest,

It is essential that the applicant shall claim an interest in the matters there in controversy between the plaintiff and original defendant. The purpose for which permission to int

interest of money on account' and 'intereat on money judgments,' and having that meaning it repeals § 4865, "supra".

this allowance of interest is not an incident to the affirmance affixed to it by law or by a rule of court. If given by this court, it must be in the exercise of its discretionary

By a rule of this court, when there are no special circumstances, six per cent. interest is allowed upon the amount of the judgment in the court below; under special circumstances,

As a general rule, after property of an insolvent is in custodia legis interest thereafter accruing is not allowed on debts payable out of the fund realized by a sale of the proper

Section 16(b) authorizes the recovery of liquidated damages as compensation for delay in payment of sums due under the Act. Since Congress has seen fit to fix the sums recoverable

compensation for the use or forbearance of money.

In the one, the state rule, except as to contract; no interest without statute in the United States rule; interest in all cases where equitably due unless forbidden by statute. In

Generally, interest is not allowed upon unliquidated damages. But when necessary in order to arrive at fair compensation, the court in the exercise of a sound discretion may includ

What is obviously meant there is a significantly protectable interest.

An interference [is] a proceeding instituted for the purpose of determining the question of priority of invention between two or more parties claiming the same patentable invention

There is but one issue of fact in an interference suit. That issue relates to the dates wherein the interfering matter was respectively invented by the interfering inventors. If th

mere remonstrances or even criticisms of an officer are not usually held to be the equivalent of unlawful interference

§ 8(a)(1) is violated if it is shown that the discharged employee was at the time engaged in a protected activity, that the employer knew it was such, that the basis of the dischar

prohibits not only intrusive threats and promises but also conduct immediately favorable to employees which is undertaken with the express purpose of impinging upon their freedom o

immunity from non-discriminatory taxation sought by a private person for his property or gains because he is engaged in operations under a government contract or lease cannot be su

It is an established principle of our constitutional system of dual government that the instrumentalities, means and operations whereby the United States exercises its governmental

the 'interline' operations of motor carriers—that is to say, with the interchanging of trailers between an originating carrier and another carrier when the latter serves an area no

a decree was regarded as interlocutory whenever an inquiry as to matter of law or fact is directed preparatory to a final decision

An interlocutory injunction, at least ordinarily, is not a matter of strict right; but the application is addressed to the sound discretion of the court.

Orders that in no way touch on the merits of the claim but only relate to pretrial procedures are not in our view 'interlocutory' within the meaning of § 1292(a)(1).

of evaluating speech restrictions, 416 U.S., at 407, 94 S.Ct., at 1808, allowing censorship if it "further[ed] an important or substantial governmental interest unrelated to the su

an institution which (1) is licensed under State law to provide, on a regular basis, health-related care and services to individuals who do not require the degree of care and treat

An intermediate state court in declaring and applying the state law is acting as an organ of the State and its determination, in the absence of more convincing evidence of what the

existing or situated within the limits ...

There is undoubtedly an internal commerce which is subject to the control of the States. The power delegated to Congress is limited to commerce 'among the several States,' with for

under § 7602 an internal revenue summons may be issued in aid of an investigation if it is issued in good faith and prior to a recommendation for criminal prosecution

Section 8(b)(1) leaves a union free to enforce a properly adopted rule which reflects a legitimate union interest, impairs no policy Congress has imbedded in the labor laws, and is

an international compact, as this was, is not always a treaty which requires the participation of the Senate. There are many such compacts, of which a protocol, a modus vivendi, a

International law is a part of our law and as such is the law of all States of the Union, but it is a part of our law for the application of its own principles, and these are conce

an otherwise illegal arrest cannot be insulated from challenge by the decision of the instigating officer to rely on fellow officers to make the arrest

Such deposit and discharge effectually demonstrates the applicant's disinterestedness as between the claimants and as to the property in dispute, an essential in interpleaders.

interposition is not a constitutional doctrine. If taken seriously, it is illegal defiance of constitutional authority.

Attempts have been made to evade the rule of public law, by the interposition of a neutral port between the shipment from the belligerent port and their ultimate destination in the

to explain or tell the meaning of: translate into intelligible or familiar language or terms," while "translate" commonly means "to turn into one's own or an-' other language." Web

The interpretation test vested in the voting registrars a virtually uncontrolled discretion as to who should vote and who should not. Under the State's statutes and constitutional

Agreements between husband and wife, during coverture, for the transfer from him of property directly to the latter, are undoubtedly void at law. Equity examines with great caution

The respective states are sovereign within their own limits, and foreign to each other, regarding them as local governments. Kentucky and Louisiana, as political communities, being

commerce between any place in a State and any place in another State or between places in the same State through another State, whether such commerce moves wholly by motor vehicle

When the products of the farm or the forest are collected and brought in from the surrounding country to a town or station serving as an entrepot for that particular region, whethe

We have had occasion to express at what point of time a shipment of goods may be ascribed to interstate or foreign commerce, and decided it to be when the goods have actually start

This movement [that is, interstate commerce movement] does not begin until the articles have been shipped or started for transportation from the one state to the other. The carryin

commerce between any State, Territory or possession (not including the Canal Zone), or the District of Columbia, and any place outside thereof; .

The question whether commerce is interstate or intrastate must be determined by the essential character of the commerce, and not by mere billing or forms of contract, although that

the power by national law to pursue and regain most kinds of property, in the limits of a foreign government, is rather an act of comity than strict right; and hence, as the proper

the initial jurisdictional determination 'was to follow the flow of electric energy, an engineering and scientific, rather than a legalistic or governmental, test

the true test of employment in such commerce in the sense intended is, Was the employee, at the time of the injury, engaged in interstate transportation, or in work so closely rela

The interstate transportation was not ended merely because that yard was a terminal for that train, nor even if the cars were not going to points beyond. Whether they were going fu

It is undoubtedly true that the question whether commerce is interstate or intrastate must be determined by the essential character of the commerce, and not by mere billing or form

the character of a shipment, whether local or interstate, is not changed by a transfer of title during the transportation. But whether it be one or the other may depend on the cont

the characteristics of street or suburban railways persisted in these interurban lines. They also were chiefly devoted to passenger traffic and operated single or series self-prope

It is limited to the field of litigation open to the original parties.

Instead of a remote cause and a separate intervening, self-sufficient, proximate cause, we have here concurrent acts, co-operating to produce the result.

Between the date of the original issue and the application for the broadened reissue, the defendant had built and begun to operate its machines in a form which was not covered by t

an intervenor is admitted to the proceeding as it stands, and in respect of the pending issues, but is not permitted to enlarge those issues or compel an alteration of the nature o

It is impossible to doubt, that a person may thus intervene, through an agent, if it be his will to do so. The suspicion which might be excited by proceeding, unnecessarily, in thi

The next of kin are only entitled to personal estate, in the case of intestacy; and a man cannot be intestate, who has made an Executor.

judgments, decrees and orders are within the control of the court during the term at which they were made. They are then deemed to be 'in the breast of the court' marking them, and

[The congressional purpose of 28 U.S.C. §2463 was] to protect that property in the revenue officer's custody and not to transfer that custody either actually or fictionally into th

more than a mere desire on the part of shippers for something that would merely be convenient or desirable for them.

barrels manufactured in the United States, and exported empty to Cuba, and afterwards brought back to the United States filled with molasses purchased in Cuba, are not brought back

the mode in which the pension was to be obtained, and to the rules, regulations, and prescriptions provided by law for 'the payment of the same.

he must be generally answerable to its call to duty rather than actually in performance of routine tasks or specific orders

his spouse or any former spouse, the parent of his child, and 4 UNITED STATES v. RAHIMI Opinion of the Court anyone with whom he cohabitates or has cohabitated.

at any time after the property has been received by the initial carrier and before delivery in accordance with the contract of carriage.

It is obvious that one nation cannot grant away the territory of another... the grant is invalid from an intrinsic defect in the title of Spain.

The warehouse receipt represents the goods, but the intrusting of the receipt, as stated, is more than the mere delivery of the goods; it is a representation that the one to whom t

There is no doubt, that the words 'in trust,' in a will, may be construed to create a use, if the intention of the testator or the nature of the devise requires it. But the ordinar

A defective car is still in use when it has been moved with the train from the main line to a siding, to be cut out and left so that the other cars may proceed on their journey. An

they shall be deemed invalid and of no effect when the stamp is omitted with intent to evade the provisions of the act—that is, with intent to defraud the government of the stamp d

Neither the combination of old elements or devices accomplishing no more than an aggregate of old results, nor the use of an old apparatus or appliance for a new purpose, is invent

Where centrifugal force was common as a means of introducing molten metal into the secondary mould, its use in an intermediate step to force molten wax into the primary mould was n

Whoever first perfects a machine is entitled to the patent, and is the real inventor, although others may have previously had the idea and made some experiments towards putting it

In many cases of inventions, it is hardly possible in any other manner to ascertain the precise time and exact origin of the particular invention. The invention itself is an intell

To the extent of $70,000,000 the legal reserve consisted of 'actual cash paid in' by the members. These payments were intended for investment, and were invested, to increase the re

the average invested capital for the year, as defined and limited in this title, averaged monthly.

the Board's duty to investigate is a duty to make such investigation as the nature of the case requires. An investigation is 'essentially informal, not adversary'; it is 'not requi

any officer of the United States who is empowered by law to execute searches, to seize evidence, or to make arrests for violations of Federal law.

Nothing is more clear than that the Fourth Amendment was meant to prevent wholesale intrusions upon the personal security of our citizenry, whether these intrusions be termed 'arre