Knowingly

In pleading. The word "knowingly," or "well knowing," will supply the place of a positive averment, in an indictment or declaration, that the defendant knew the facts subsequently stated. If notice or knowledge be unnecessarily stated, the allegation may be rejected as surplus-, age.

See Comyn, Dig. "Indictment" (G 6); 2 Gush. (Mass.) 577; 2 Strange, 904; 2 East, 452; 1 Chit. PI. 367.

It implies actual personal knowledge. 4 Lans. (N. Y.) 22. ant, at the time of committing the offense charged, well knew what he was doing.

14 Fed. 127.