Law Dictionary

The phrase has been held to mean going and returning over the road once only. 34 J. P. 823.

He who has the interest or command of the passage of a river; or a lord to whom a duty is paid for passage. Wharton.

The supervisory committee shall make or cause to be made an annual audit and shall submit a report of that audit to the board of directors and a summary of the report to the member

The book of the buyer, customer or debtor, in which he allows the seller, banker or creditor to enter their mutual transactions. See 134 Am. St. Rep. 1021.

every man is called a passenger who pays freight for his own person, and for goods which are not merchandise.

The term “passenger aircraft” means a civil aircraft equipped so that its main deck can be used for the carriage of individuals and cannot be used principally, without major modifi

The term “passenger area” shall have the meaning given the term by the Secretary by regulation.

Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term “passenger automobile” means any 4-wheeled vehicle— (i) which is manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads, and highw

“passenger boardings”— (A) means, unless the context indicates otherwise, revenue passenger boardings in the United States in the prior calendar year on an aircraft in service in a

“passenger car” means a motor vehicle with motive power (except a multipurpose passenger vehicle, motorcycle, or trailer) designed to carry not more than 10 individuals.

The term “passenger-cargo combined aircraft” means a civil aircraft equipped so that its main deck can be used to carry both passengers and property (including mail) simultaneously

The term “passenger carrier” means a passenger motor vehicle, aircraft, boat, ship, train, or other similar means of transportation that is owned, leased, or provided pursuant to c

Passenger facility charge.—The term "passenger facility charge" means a charge imposed under this section.

Passenger facility revenue.—The term "passenger facility revenue" means revenue derived from a passenger facility charge.

a drover travelling on a pass, such as was given in this case, for the purpose of taking care of his stock on the train, is a passenger for hire.

Passenger list.—The term "passenger list" means a list based on the best available information at the time of a request, of the name of each passenger aboard the aircraft

“passenger motor vehicle” means a motor vehicle with motive power designed to carry not more than 12 individuals, but does not include— (A) a motorcycle; or (B) a truck not designe

“passenger motor vehicle equipment” means— (A) a system, part, or component of a passenger motor vehicle as originally made; (B) a similar part or component made or sold for replac

“Every description of sea-going vessel carrying one or more passenger or passengers on any voyage from any place in Her Majesty’s Dominions to any place whatever.” 52 & 53 Yict. c.

“A train advertised to take passengers generally, — people travelling from place to place, — upon the terms and in the manner ordinarily applicable to such passengers.” 54 L. J. Q.

The term “passenger transportation” means— (A) public transportation, as defined in section 5302 of title 49 ; (B) over-the-road bus transportation, as defined in subchapter IV, an

The term “passenger transportation system” means an entity or entities organized to provide passenger transportation using vehicles, including the infrastructure used to provide su

The terms "passenger vehicle", "light truck", and "heavy truck" have the meanings given those terms in article 1 of the automotive appendix. / For pur

The term “passenger vessel” means any vessel having berth or stateroom accommodations for more than 16 passengers. / “passenger vessel” means a vessel of at least 100 gross tons as

I. fr. In old English law. To pass; to proceed in order of law.

when the patentee, or the person having his rights, sells a machine or instrument whose sole value is in its use, he receives the consideration for its use and he parts with the ri

The term “passholder” means the person who is issued a recreation pass.

A ferryman. Jacob. PASSIM (Lat.). Everywhere. Often used to indicate a very general reference to a book or legal authority.

It is true that in suits by private traders to enjoin unfair competition by 'passing off,' proof that the public is deceived is an essential element of the cause of action. This pr

the defense that economic circumstances were such that the overcharged buyer could only charge his customers a higher price because the price to him was higher, and that in such ci

Passing score.—The term "passing score" means a minimum acceptable score or rating, consistent with applicable law, that may include a quantitative or qualitative assessm

In English law. A kind of permit, being a note or check which the toll-clerks on seme canals give to the boatmen, speclfying the lading for which they have paid toll. Wharton.

Pannage; a liberty for hogs to run in foresta or woods to feed upon mast. Mon. Angl. 1, 682.

In the definition of manslaughter as homicide committed without premeditation but under the influence of sudden "passion," this term means any intense and vehement emotional excite

See Debt; Trust. PASSPORT (Fr. passer, to pass, port, harbor or gate). In Maritime Law. A paper containing a permission from a neutral state to the captain or master of a ship or v

For purposes of this paragraph, the terms “activity”, “passive activity”, and “materially participate” have the meanings given such terms by section 469. / The term “passive activi

The term “passive activity credit” means the amount (if any) by which— (A) the sum of the credits from all passive activities allowable for the taxable year under— (i) subpart D of

The term “passive activity loss” means the amount (if any) by which— (A) the aggregate losses from all passive activities for the taxable year, exceed (B) the aggregate income from

The term “passive asset” means any asset other than an asset used in carrying on a trade or business. / The term “passive asset” includes any stock in another corporation unless— (

The term “passive category income” means passive income and specified passive category income.

A debt upon which, by agreement between the debtor and creditor, no interest is payable, as distinguished from active debt; i. e., a debt upon which interest is payable. In this se

In the civil law. AU the sums of which one is a debtor, as distinguished from "active debt," — ^those which are owed to one; the terms being used in the same sense as "bills payabl

For purposes of this subsection, the term “passive foreign exchange gain” means— (A) real estate foreign exchange gain, (B) foreign currency gain (as defined in section 988(b)(1))

For purposes of this part, except as otherwise provided in this subpart, the term “passive foreign investment company” means any foreign corporation if— (1) 75 percent or more of t

Except as provided in paragraph (2), the term “passive income” means any income which is of a kind which would be foreign personal holding company income as defined in section 954(

Passive investment.—The term “passive investment” means an investment in which neither the investor nor any affiliate of the investor is involved in, or has the power to be involve

Except as otherwise provided in this subparagraph, the term “passive investment income” means gross receipts derived from royalties, rents, dividends, interest, and annuities.

The term “passive loss limitation activity” means— (A) any activity which involves the conduct of a trade or business, and (B) any rental activity.

the term “passive real estate ownership” means ownership of real estate for the purpose of deriving income from speculation, trade, or rental, except that such term shall not inclu

In Scotch law. A title incar-red by an heir in heritage who does not enter as heir in the regular way, and therefore incurs liability for ali the debts of the decedent, irrespectiv

By passive trusts we mean those which are express, or created by the words of some deed or other instrument of writing, and not those arising or resulting by implication of law. Ev

Same as Permissive use.

those types of traffic control devices, including signs, markings and other devices, located at or in advance of grade crossings to indicate the presence of a crossing but which do

The general tendency of the law, in regard to damages at least, is not to go beyond the first step. As it does not attribute remote consequences to a defendant so it holds him liab

In practice. A form of personal action ex delicto, less ancient than the other forms, invented under the authority of the statute of Westminster 2, (13 Edw. I.) c. 24, as a remedy

A passport is a document identifying a citizen, in effect requesting foreign powers to allow the bearer to enter and to pass freely and safely, recognizing the right of the bearer

The term “pass-through deposit insurance” means, with respect to an employee benefit plan, deposit insurance coverage based on the interest of each participant, in accordance with

“pass-through entity” means a non-Federal entity that provides Federal awards to a subrecipient to carry out a Federal program;

The term “pass-through share insurance” means, with respect to an employee benefit plan, insurance coverage based on the interest of each participant, in accordance with regulation

For purposes of this subsection, the term “pass-thru entity” means— (A) a regulated investment company; (B) a real estate investment trust; (C) an S corporation; (D) a partnership;

The term “passthru payment” means any withholdable payment or other payment to the extent attributable to a withholdable payment.

A consideration paid or performed before a contract is made. See 7 Cow. (N. Y.) 358.

For purposes of this subsection, the term “past-due, legally enforceable State income tax obligation” means a debt— (A) (i) which resulted from— (I) a judgment rendered by a court

In this part the term “past-due support” means the amount of a delinquency, determined under a court order, or an order of an administrative process established under State law, fo

heating the milk to 143 -145 F., maintaining it at that level for about thirty minutes, and then subjecting it to sudden cooling to a point between 38 and 40 F.

The term “pasteurize” means the subjecting of each particle of egg products to heat or other treatments to destroy harmful viable micro-organisms by such processes as may be prescr

In Spanish law. Feeding; pasture; a right of pasture. White, New Recopt b. 2, tit 1, a 6, § 4.

Lat. A shepherd. Applied to a minister of the Christian religion, who has charge of a congregation, hence called his "flock." See First Presbyterian Church v. Myers, 5 Okl. 809, 50

I. I. In old English law. Pasture: a feeding; a right to feed animals; pasture, including the ground itself.

Land on which cattle are fed; also the right of pasture. Co. Litt 4b.

Lands upon which beasts feed themselves. By a grant of pastures, the land itself passes. 1 Thomas, Co. Litt. 202.

The procuration or provision which feudal tenants were bound to make for their lords at certain times, or as often as they made a progress to their lands. It was often converted in

Know all men by these presents.

the patent to be the superior and conclusive evidence of the legal title. Until it issues, the fee is in the Government, which by the patent passes to the grantee, and he is entitl

Open; obvious; apparent; open to inspection. Patent ambignity: an open ambiguity; one which appears on the face of an insti'ument. Patent writ: an open writ,; a writ not closed or

novelty and nonobviousness—as well as utility—are separate tests of patentability and all must be satisfied in a valid patent

The patentability, or the issuing of a patent as to one, in nowise affects the rights of the inventor or discoverer in respect to the other. They are wholly disconnected and indepe

Suitable to be patented; entitled by law to be protected by the issuance of a patent. Heath Cycle Co. v. Hay (C. C.) 67 Fed. 246; Maier v. Bloom (C.' C.) 95 Fed. 166; Boyd v. Cherr

The addition of a new and useful element to an old combination may be patentable; but the addition must be the result of invention rather than the mere exercise of the skill of the

the elements of a combination may be all old. In making a combination the inventor has the whole field of mechanics to draw from.

While a scientific truth, or the mathematical expression of it, is not patentable invention, a novel and useful structure created with the aid of knowledge of scientific truth may

A patentable process is a method of treatment of certain materials to produce a particular result or product.

It is method and device which may be patented and not the scientific explanation of their operation.

any new and useful art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter, or any new and useful improvement on any art, machine, manufacture, or composition of matter

an uncertainty which inhered in the essence of the description, rendering it incapable of being applied to the subject-matter

No livery of seizin is necessary to perfect a title by letters patent. The grantee, in such case, takes by matter of record; and the law deems the grant of record of equal notoriet

The thing to be assigned is not the mere parchment on which the grant is written, but the monopoly which the grant confers—the right of property which it creates. And when the part

The claim is the measure of the grant. The claim is required to be specific for the very purpose of protecting the public against extension of the scope of the patent.

challenges made in the proceeding, not challenges made in the petition but never made a part of the proceeding.

The claims of a patent are always to be read or interpreted in the light of its specifications.

Under the statute, it is the claims of the patent which define the invention. And each claim must stand or fall, as itself sufficiently defining invention, independently of the oth

As the exclusive right conferred by the patent was property, and the infringement was a tortious taking of a part of that property, the normal measure of damages was the value of w

In sales of personal property, one which is plainly visible or which can be discovered by such an inspection as would be made in the exercise of ordinary care and prudence. See Law

The word “patentee” includes not only the patentee to whom the patent was issued but also the successors in title to the patentee.

when they have made one or more of the things patented, and have vended the same to others to be used, they have parted to that extent with their exclusive right, as they are never

This construction gives to the inventor the exclusive use of just what his inventive genius has discovered. It is all that the statute provides shall be given to him and it is all

the right of property which a patentee has in his invention, and his right to its exclusive use, is derived altogether from these statutory provisions; and this court have always h

Patentees acquire the exclusive right to make and use, and vend to others to be used, their patented inventions for the period of time specified in the patent, but when they have m

The patent is for a combination, and the improvement consists in arranging different portions of the plough, and combining them together in the manner stated in the specification,

Under our law a patent cannot be granted merely for a change of form. The act of February 21, 1793, § 2, so declared in express terms; and though this declaratory law was not re en