line

In Descents. The series of persons who have descended from a common ancestor, placed one under the other, in the order of their birth. It connects successively all the relations by blood to each other. See "Consanguinity"; "Degree." f 6. Tritavus. Tritavia. f 5. Atavus, Atavia. ? 4. Abavus, Ahavia. Great-grandfa- ther, great- p3, Proavus Proa Tla. grandmother. Grandfather. Grandmother, r 2. Avus, Avla. father. Mother, tl. Pater. Mater. B ta Son. ? 1, FUlua. 5 1 Grandson. 92. Nepos. Neptl. "gS Great-grandson. 63. Pronepos, Proneptls. il a4. Jd. Adnepos, Abenpos, Adnepti. Abneptis. iS. THnepos, Trlneptls. The line is either direct or collateral. The direct line is composed of all the persons who are descended from each other. If, m the direct line, any one person is assumed as the propositus, in order to count f rom hiin upwards and downwards, the line will be divided into two parts, the ascending and descending lines. The ascending line is that which, counting from the propositus, ascends to his ancestors, to his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, etc. The descendmg Una is that which, counting from the same person, descends to his children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, etc. The preceding table is an example.. a direct line. It becomes collateral when placed alongside of another line below the common ancestor, in whom both lines unite. For example: Common O ancestor. Direct Collateral line. line. Eeo. These two lines are independent of each other; they have no connection, except by their union in the person of the common ancestor. This reunion is what forms the relation among the persons composing the two lines. A line is also paternal or maternal. In the examination of a person's ascending line, the line ascends first to his father, next to his paternal grandfather, his paternal greatgrandfather, etc., so on from father to father. This is called the paternal line. Another line will be found to ascend from the same person to his mother, his maternal grandmother, and so from mother to mother. This is the maternal line. These lines, however, do not take in all the ascendants; there are many others who must be imagined. See 2 Bl. Comm. 200 bk. 2, c. 14; Poth. des Success, c. 1, art. 3, § 2; "Ascendants." Boundary Lines. The division between two estates. Limit; border; boundary, Measures. A line is a lineal measure, containing the one-twelfth part of an inch, LINEA (Lat.)

In civil and old English law. A line; a series of persons descending from a common stock {series personarum a eommuni stipite descendentium). Heinec. Elem. Jur. Civ. lib. 1, tit. 10, § 153. It was ascendens as well as descendens. Hale, Anal. § 18; Fleta, lib. 6, c. 1, § 11. LINEA RECTA (Lat.) The perpendicular line; the direct line; the line of ascent, through father, grandfather, etc., and of descent, through son, grandson, etc. "Co. Litt. 10, 158; Bracton, fol. 67; Fleta, lib. 6, c. 1, § 11. This is represented in a diagram by a vertical line. Persons springing from another immediately, or mediately through a third person, are said to be in the direct line (linea recta), and are called "ascendants" and "descendants." Mackeld. Civ. Law, § 129. LINEA RECTA EST INDEX SUI ET OB 'iqui; lex est linea recti. A right line is an index of itself and of an oblique; law is a line of right. Co. Litt. 158. LINEA RECTA SEMPER PRAEFERTUR transversali. The right line is always pre- LINEA TRANSVERSALIS (Lat.) A line crossing the perpendicular lines. Where two persons are descended from a third, they are called "collaterals," and are said to be related in the collateral line {linea transversa or obliqua).

In Descents. The series of persons who have descended from a common ancestor, placed one under the other, in the order of their birth. It connects successively all the relations by blood to each- other. See Consanguinity; Dbobest Tritavus, Trltavla. ?6. 5. Atavus, Atavla. <p4. Abavus, Abavia. Great-grandfa ther, Great-;} is. Proavus, Proavla* grandmother. Grandfather. L 2. Avus. Avia. Grandmother. Father, Mother. ^ 1. Pater, Mater. Ego. A Ego. a 'Son. Ll, pniue. fl bio Grandson. k2. Nepos, Neptls, Great-grandson. £3. Pronepos, Proneptls. a a> £4. Abnepos, Abneptls. o n £5. Adnepos, Adneptls. o <o £'6. Trinepos, Trineptls. The line Is either direct or collateral. The direct line is composed of all the persons who are descended from each other. If, in the direct line, any one person is assumed as the propositus, In order to count from, him upwards and downwards, the line will be divided Into two parts, the ascending and descending lines. The ascending line is that which, counting from the propositus, ascends to his ancestors, to his father, grandfather, great-grandfather, etc. The descending line is that which, counting from the same person, descends to his children, grandchildren, great-grandchildren, etc. 'The preceding table is an example. The collateral line, considered by Itself and in relation to the common ancestor, is a direct line; it becomes collateral when placed alongside of another line below the common ancestor, in whom both lines unite. For example: Common O ancestor. Direct Collateral line.- line. Ego. These two lines are independent of each other; they have no connection except by their union In the person of the common ancestor. This reunion is what forms the relation among the persons composing the two lines. A line Is also paternal or maternal. In the examination of a person’s ascending line, the line ascends first to his father, next to his paternal grandfather, his paternal greatother line will be found to ascend from the same person to his mother, his maternal grandmother, and so from mother to mother; this Is the maternal line. These lines, however, do not take in all the ascendants; there a Te many others who must be imagined. The number of ascendants Is double at each degree, as is shown by the following diagram: See 2 Bla. Com. 200, b.; Pothier, Des Successions, c. 1, art. 3, § 2; Ascendants; Consanguinity. In Real Property Law. The division between two tracts or parcels of land. Limit; border; boundary. When a line is mentioned in a deed as ending at a particular monument (Q. v.), it Is to be extended in the direction called for, without regard to distance, till it reaches the boundary; Den v. Green, 9,N. C. 210. See Whitehead v. Kagan, 10(5 Mo. 231, 17 S. W. 307. And a marked line is to be adhered to although it depart from the course; Newsom V. Pryor, 7 Wheat. (U. S.) 7, 5 L. Ed. 382; Thornlierry v. Churchill, 4 T. B. Monr. (Ky.) 29, IG Am. Dec. 125. A crooked line is just as much a line as a straight one; Den V. Cubberly, 12 N. J. L. 308. Ordinarily, if a boundary runs to or by the line of an object, the exterior limit of the object is intended; Hamlin v. Mfg. Co., 141 Mass. 5G, 6 N. E. 531. Where a number of persons settle simultaneously or at short intervals in the same neighborhood, and their tracts, if extended in certain directions, would overlap each other, the settlers sometimes by agreement determine upon dividing lines, which are called oonsentible lines. These lines, when fairly agreed upon, have been sanctioned by the courts; and such agreements are conclusive upon all persons claiming under the parties to them, with notice, but not upon bona fide purchasers for a valuable consideration, without notice, actual or constructive; Dixon’s Ex’rs v. Crist, 17 S. & R. (Pa.) 57. See Pabaixel Lines. Lines fixed by compact between natlops are binding on their citizens and subjects; 1 Ves. Sen. 450; 1 Atk. 2; 1 P. Wms. 723; Perkins v. Gay, 3 S. & R. (Pa.) 33pL, 8 Am. Dec. 653. See Boundaby. Measures. A line is a lineal measure, containing the one-twelfth part of an inch.

In descents. The order or series of persons who have descended one from the other or ali from a common ancestor, considered as placed in a line of succession in the order of their birth, the line showing the connection of all the blood-relatives. Measures. A line is a lineal measure, containing the one-twelfth part of an inch. In estates. The boundary or line of division between two estates.

— Bnilding line. A line established by municipal authority, to secure uniformity of appearance in the streets of the city, drawn at a> certain uniform distance from the curb or from the edge of the sidewalk, and parallel thereto, upon which the fronts of? ali buildings on that street must be placed, or beyond which they are not allowed to project. See Tear v. Freebody, 4 C. B. (N. St) 263.

— Collateral line. A line of descent connecting persons who are not directly related to each other as ascendants or descendants, but whose relationship consists in common descent from the same ancestor.

— Direct line. A line of descent traced through those persons only who are related to each other directly as ascendants or descendants.

— Line of credit. A margin or fixed limit of credit, granted by a bank or merchant to a customer, to the full extent of which the latter may avail himself in his dealings with the former, but which he must not exceed; usually intended to cover a series of transactions, in which case, when the customer's line of credit is nearly or quite exhausted, he is expected to reduce his indebtedness by payments before drawing upon it further. See Isador Bush. Wine Co v. Wolff, 48 La. Ann. 918, 19 South. 765; Schneider-Davis Co. v. Hart, 23 Tex. Civ. App. 529, 57 S. W. 903

— Line of duty. In military law and usage, an act is said to he done, or an injury sustained, "in the line of duty," when done or suffered in the performance or discharge of a duty incumbent upon the individual in his character as a member of the military or naval forces. See Rhodes v. U. S., 79 Fed. 743, 25 C. C. A. 186.

— Lines and corners. In surveying and conveyancing. Boundary lines and their terminating points, where an angle is formed by the next boundary line.

— Maternal line. A line of descent or relationship between two persons which is traced through the mother of the younger.

— Paternal line. A similar line of descent traced through the father.

Limit of ownership or possession; boundary; the connection between persons descended from a common ancestor; a connected series as of the means for conveyance or transmission.

In descents. The order or se ries of persons who have descended one from the other or all from a common ancestor, considered us placed ina line of succession in the order of their birth, the line showing the connection of all the blood-relatives. Measures, A line is a lineal measure, containing the one-twelfth part of an inch. In estates. The boundary or line of division between two estates.

3 1, Exterior limit; limit of possession or ownership; boundary. If a boundary line runs to or by the Hne of an object, such as a house or a lot, ordinarily the exterior limit is intended. And the grantor in a deed may use the word in this sense with respect to the line of a street. ' But the general rule is that a grantee takes only to the middle of a street as a boundary, unless the deed or the character of the locality indicates a different intention. It will not ordinarily be presumed that the grantor intends to reserve a narrow strip of land, of no special use to him, and of no value, should the way be discontinued.* See further Along; Boundary; Thread; Wall. ■-3. A connected series, as, of facilities, means of conveyance, transportation, or transmission. As, a continuous line, intersecting lines, competing lines of railroad or telegraph communication. See Carrier, Common; Connection, 1; Extend; Parallel; Telegraph. 3. The connection between persons descended from a common ancestor; course of descent. Direct line. Persons immediately descended one from the other. Collateral line. Persons descended from the same ancestor, but not from each other. Paternal line. Descent as traced through the father. MaternallinB. Descent traced thjpough the mother. These lines are in turn spoken of as ascending^ and descending: proceeding upward, and downward. Lineal; lineage. Lineal implies immediate descent, direct course of descent: 5 as, ■ Mc Donald v. Hovey, 110 U. S. 631 (1684), cases: B. S. §1008. = Eetzer v. Wood, 109 U. S. 187 (1883), cases. * L. linea, thread, string. ■> Hamlin v. Pau-jioint' Manuf. Co., 141 Mass. 56 (1886), lineal — consanguinity, descent, warranty, gg. V. See also Ancestor; Pedigree.

measures. A line is a lineal measure containing the onetwelfth part of an inch.