Pauper

One so poor that he must be supported at the public expense. A person who, being unable to support himself or herself and his or her children, applies to the public authorities for relief, becomes by so doing a pauper. 159 111. 500. 12 Mete. (Mass.) 35; Garland v. Dover, 19 Me. 44; Clinton v. York, 26 Me. 167; Green V. Brookfield, 3 Greenl. 136; East Haddam v. Lyme, 14 Cow. 394; Northfield v. Roxbury, 15 Vt. 622. PAUPERIES (Lat.)

In civU law. Poverty.

In a technical sense, damnum absque injuria, i. e., a damage done without wrong on the part of the doer; e. g., damage done by an irrational being, as an animal. L. 1, § 3, D. si quod paup. fee; Vicat; Calv. Lex.

A person se poor that he must be supported at publlc expense; also a suitor who, on account of poverty, is allowed to sue or defend without being chargeable with costs. In re Hoffen's Estate, 70 Wis. 522, 36 N. W. 407; Hutchings v. Thompson, 10 Cush. (Mass.) 238; Charleston v. Groveland, 15 Gray (Mass.) 15; Lee County v. Lackle, 30 Aria 764.

— Dispauper. To deprive one of the stains of a pauper and of any benefits incidental thereto: particularly, to take away the right to sue in forma pauperis because the person so suing, during the progress of the suit, has acquired money or property which would enable him to sustain the costs of the action.

I A poor person; one who receives laws providing for support of the poor; of defraying the expenses of a suit v. In

1. L. adj. Providing little: having little; indigent, needj', poor. In forma pauperis. In the character of a poor man; as a poor suitor. "Raupers, or such as will swear themselves not worth five pounds, are to have original writs and subpGBuas gratis, and counsel and attorney assigned them without fee, and are excused from paying costs when plaintiff." *^ In admiralty practice, an exception is made in favor of seamen, by Rule 45, in consideration of their necessitous condition, and their presumptive inability to give the ordinary security required of libelants. This is a result of the protection afforded them as wards of the admiralty. It is in conformity with the ancient usage, which, as in the practice in commonlaw actions permitting suits in f07-ma pauperis, dispensed with sureties in suits by poor persons, and allowed, instead, a juratory caution, which is now rarely used.^ The "pauper act" is concerned with liability; the "non-resident act " with security.* Dispauper. To deprive of the privilege of suing in forma pauperis, from subsequent acquisition pf property, or other cause. 2. Eng. n. One who receives aid and assistance from the public, under the laws for the support and maintenance of the poor.^ May designate a poor and indigent person standing in need of relief, a poor person likely to become chargeable, as well as a poor person who has actually received support from the town.* See Poor; Vagrant; Commerce; Inspection, 1.

A Latin adjective, originally signifying poor; but used as a noun, as the technical designation of a person so poor that he must be supported at public expense; also, of a suitor, who, on account of poverty, is allowed to sue or defend without being chargeable with costs.

In a general sense, all poor persons may be said to be paupers, but not as the word is used in the -statutes. A pauper is defined to be a poor person, particularly one so indigent as to depend upon the parish or town for support. Lee County v. Lackie, 30 Ark. 764.

In the technical sense, " pauper " does not apply to a poor person smitten with a contagious disease, who, on account of his sickness, receives aid from the county, tliough under a pauper act. La Salle County V. Reynolds, 49 111. 186. A pauper is one unable to support himself or herself, and having no one legally liable for his or her support. As a grandfather or grandmother, if of sufficient ability, is liable for the support of a grandchild, one having such a grand-parent, even if the father is living and unable, is not a pauper in legal contemplation, and so cannot be bound out as such by the guardians of the poor. Whiting's Case, 3 Pittsb. 129. Pauper does not necessarily imply a person who has actually received support from the town. It may be used indiscriminately to designate poor and indigent persons standing in need of relief, and poor persons likely to become chargeable, as well as such poor persons as have actually received support from the town. Walbridge v. Walbridge, 46 Vt. 617.

One so poor that he must be supported at the public expense. The statutes of the several states make ainple provisions for the support of the poor. It is not within the plan of this work to give even an abstract of such extensive legislation. Vide 16 Vin. Ab. 259; Botts on the Poor Laws; Woodf. L. & T. 201.