seaman

for injuries incurred while working on board the ship in navigable waters the stevedore is entitled to the seaman's traditional and statutory protections, regardless of the fact that he is employed immediately by another than the owner. For these purposes he is, in short, a seaman because he is doing a seaman's work and incurring a seaman's hazards.

A sailor; a mariner; one whose business is navigation. 2 Boul. P. Dr. Cora. 232; Code de Commerce, art. 262; Laws of Oleron, art. 7; Laws of Wisbuy, art. 19. In a statute, it has been held to include persons engaged in fresh-water navigation. 2 Pet. Adm. (U. S.) 268. The term "seamen," in its most enlarged sense, includes the captain as well as other persons of the crew; in a more confined signification, it extends only to the common sailors. 3 Pardessus, note 667. But the mate (1 Pet. Adm. [U. S.] 246), the cook and steward (2 Pet. Adm. [U. S.] 268), and engineers, clerks, carpenters, firemen, deck hands, porters, and chamber maids, on passenger steamers, when necessary for the service of the ship (1 Conkl. Adm. 107; 2 Pars. Mar. Law, 582; 1 Sumn. [U. S.] 170), are considered, as to their rights to sue in the admiralty, as common seamen; and persons employed on board of steamboats and lighters engaged in trade or commerce on tide water are within the admiralty jurisdiction; while those employed in ferryboats are not (Gilp. Dist. Ct. 203, 532). Persons who do not contribute their aid in navigating the vessel or to its preservation in the course of their occupation, as musicians, are not to be considered as seamen, with a right to sue in the admiralty for their wages. Gilp. Dist. Ct. 516. See "Lien."

A person who aids in navigating a vessel; a mariner; a sailor.

See Sea, Seaman.

A person whose business vidual engaged in navigating ships, barges, &c., upon the high seas; and says that those employed for this purpose upon rivers, lakes, or canals are denominated watermen. This seems con-ect, according to English usage, but is not to be adopted for this country. While it is probably true that " sea " (5. V.) does not include the lakes nor rivers above the tide, the word seaman — at least, whenever it appears in American jurisprudence in any connection warranting a liberal construction (as in a statute giving a remedy for seamen's wages, or authorizing a nuncupative will) — should be read as including those who are concerned in prosecuting navigation in aid of commerce, equally, whether their service is rendered on tidal or non-tidal waters. See Mariner. In a broad sense, seaman may extend to the master and officers; in a narrower one, it means only one of the crew. The context and general object must determine.