Civil law, as opposed to criminal law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals and/or organizations, in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. For instance, if a car crash victim claims damages against the driver for loss or injury sustained in an accident, this will be a civil law case. Civil law courts provide a forum for deciding disputes involving torts (such as accidents, negligence, and libel), contract disputes, the probate of wills, trusts, property disputes, administrative law, commercial law, and any other private matters that involve private parties or organizations including government departments. The objectives of civil law are different from other types of law. In civil law there is the attempt to right a wrong, honor an agreement, or settle a dispute. If there is a victim, they get compensation, and the person who is the cause of the wrong pays, this being a civilized form of, or legal alternative to, revenge.
Linwood is a small unincorporated community in the northern portion of Bay County in the U.S. state of Michigan. The community is on the boundary between Fraser Township on the north and Kawkawlin Township on the south. M-13 passes to the west and the Saginaw Bay of Lake Huron is on the east. Bay City is about 12 miles to the south and Linwood is included in the Bay City Metropolitan Statistical Area. The Nayanquing Point State Wildlife Area is three miles to the north while the Tobico Marsh is three miles to the south. Both are popular places for bird observation and the Wildlife Area is popular with seasonal waterfowl hunters. The settlement began as "Terry's Station", a depot on the Mackinaw division of the Michigan Central Railroad, named for James G. Terry, the head of a local lumber company. He was the first postmaster of a post office named "Terry Station", which opened on February 21, 1872. The office closed on February 16, 1874, but was reestablished on June 6, 1877. On June 28, 1882, the name was changed to Linwood, derived from a combination of the words "line" and "wood", since it was on the line between two different townships and it was also heavily wooded. The railroad station was renamed "Linwood Park". The Linwood post office has ZIP code 48634 and serves the northern portions of Kawkawlin Township and Beaver Township and the southern portions of Fraser Township and Garfield Township. At the 2000 census, the population of the Zip Code Tabulation Area for 48634 was 4,684. Every August, the Pickle Festival is held in Linwood.