Civil law, as opposed to criminal law, is the branch of law dealing with disputes between individuals and/or organizations, in which compensation may be awarded to the victim. For instance, if a car crash victim claims damages against the driver for loss or injury sustained in an accident, this will be a civil law case. Civil law courts provide a forum for deciding disputes involving torts (such as accidents, negligence, and libel), contract disputes, the probate of wills, trusts, property disputes, administrative law, commercial law, and any other private matters that involve private parties or organizations including government departments. The objectives of civil law are different from other types of law. In civil law there is the attempt to right a wrong, honor an agreement, or settle a dispute. If there is a victim, they get compensation, and the person who is the cause of the wrong pays, this being a civilized form of, or legal alternative to, revenge.
Modena is an unincorporated hamlet in Ulster County, New York, United States. It is located in the northwestern corner of the town of Plattekill, centered at the junction of the US 44/NY 55 concurrency and NY 32. It has the ZIP Code 12548. It takes its name from Mary of Modena, newly wed to James II when it was first settled in the late 17th century. Today it in turn lends its name to a service area nearby on the southbound New York State Thruway. It has long been a primarily rural community with minimal development, although that has been changing enough for Hannaford to build one of its supermarkets on Route 32 just south of the junction.