A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury. Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, and assembly; the right to vote; freedom from involuntary servitude; and the right to equality in public places. Discrimination occurs when the civil rights of an individual are denied or interfered with because of their membership in a particular group or class. Statutes have been enacted to prevent discrimination based on race, sex, religion, age, previous condition of servitude, physical limitation, national origin, and in some instances sexual preference. Civil rights attorneys handle cases involving the rights of individuals to be free from unequal treatment (or discrimination) based on legally-protected characteristics such as race, gender, disability, national origin, age, sexual orientation, and religion. Civil rights cases can arise in a number of settings -- including employment, housing, lending, and education.
Vinland is a small agricultural unincorporated community south of the city of Lawrence and near Baldwin City in Douglas County, Kansas, United States. It is part of the Lawrence Metropolitan Statistical Area. It has rolling grassy hills and large maple trees. The topsoil is excellent for a wide variety of crops, including corn, wheat, milo, alfalfa. Many dairy farms are also in the area. The first settlers came in 1854 or 1855; they were mostly abolitionists spurred on by the Kansas-Nebraska Act. Renowned Jayhawker Silas Soule was among them. Like much of eastern Kansas, Vinland struggled in the Bleeding Kansas period to keep the land free from slavery, and at least one man was killed in various skirmishes, including the Battle of Black Jack in June, 1856. People in Vinland call this the "first battle of the American Civil War. " Today, "downtown" Vinland has about a dozen homes (many dating from the early part of the 20th century), an airfield (mostly used by small private planes), a small elementary school serving the Baldwin School District, a Grange Hall, and Coal Creek Library (founded in 1859), the oldest lending library west of the Mississippi River. Most years since 1874 Vinland has hosted a country fair, attracting thousands of visitors; the 100th Vinland Fair was held in 2007.