(a) Except as provided in section 438 of this title, a child shall not be employed or permitted to work at or on any occupations, employment, operations, or machines determined to be hazardous, by rule, by the U.S. Secretary of Labor or the Commissioner.
(b) A child under 16 years of age shall not be employed more than eight hours in any one day or more than 40 hours in any one week.