Vermont Trust Code
Vermont · Trusts · §§ 14A-1001 to 14A-908 · 107 sections
Overview
This act governs the creation, administration, and termination of private and charitable trusts. It sets out how a trust is formed — the methods of creation, the intent and capacity required of the settlor and trustee, the property that funds it, and the writing requirements it must satisfy — and it supplies default rules that apply unless the terms of the trust provide otherwise, alongside a smaller set of mandatory rules that override contrary terms. It also establishes mechanisms for changing a trust after it exists, including revocation or amendment by the settlor, judicial modification, reformation, or termination, division and combination of trusts, termination of trusts too small to justify administration, and distribution of trust property into a second trust, and it addresses recurring substantive questions such as spendthrift provisions, forfeiture clauses, perpetuities limits, and trusts for the care of an animal.
Editorial summary generated from the text of this act. It is not part of the statute — read the sections below for the operative language.
Sections covered
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1001Remedies for breach of trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1002Damages for breach of trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1003Damages in absence of breach
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1004Attorney’s fees and costs
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1005Limitation of action against trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1006Reliance on trust instrument
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1007Event affecting administration or distribution
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1008Exculpation of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1009Beneficiary’s consent, release, or ratification
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 101Short title
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1010Limitation on personal liability of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1011Interest as general partner
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1012Protection of person dealing with trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1013Certification of trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 102Scope
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 103Definitions
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 104Knowledge
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 105Default and mandatory rules
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 106Common law of trusts; principles of equity
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 107Governing law
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 108Principal place of administration
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 109Methods and waiver of notice
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 110Others treated as qualified beneficiaries
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1101Trust advisors and trust protectors
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1102Trust advisors and trust protectors as fiduciaries
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1103Trust advisor and trust protector subject to court jurisdiction
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1104No duty to review actions of trustee, trust advisor, or trust protector
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1105Fiduciary’s liability for action or inaction of trustee, trust advisor, and trust protector
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 111Nonjudicial settlement agreements
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 112Rules of construction
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1201Uniformity of application and construction
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1202Electronic records and signatures
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1203Severability clause
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 1204Application to existing relationships
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 201Role of court in administration of trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 202Jurisdiction over trustee and beneficiary
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 203Subject matter jurisdiction
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 204Venue
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 205Matters in equity
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 301Representation; basic effect
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 302Representation by holder of general testamentary power of appointment
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 303Representation by fiduciaries and parents
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 304Representation by person having substantially identical interest
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 305Appointment of representative
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 401Methods of creating trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 402Requirements for creation
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 403Trusts created in other jurisdictions
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 404Trust purposes
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 405Charitable purposes; enforcement
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 406Creation of trust induced by fraud, duress, or undue influence
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 407Evidence of oral trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 408Trust for care of animal
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 409Noncharitable trust without ascertainable beneficiary
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 410Modification or termination of trust; proceedings for approval or disapproval
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 411Modification or termination of noncharitable irrevocable trust by consent
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 412Modification or termination because of unanticipated circumstances or inability to administer trust effectively
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 413Cy pres
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 414Modification or termination of uneconomic trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 415Reformation to correct mistakes
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 416Modification to achieve settlor’s tax objectives
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 417Combination and division of trusts
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 418Intentional and unlawful killing; termination of interest in trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 501Rights of beneficiary’s creditor or assignee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 502Spendthrift provision
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 503Exceptions to spendthrift provision
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 504Discretionary trusts; effect of standard
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 505Creditor’s claim against settlor
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 506Overdue distribution
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 507Personal obligation of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 601Capacity of settlor of revocable trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 602Revocation or amendment of revocable trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 603Settlor’s powers; powers of withdrawal
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 604Limitation on action contesting validity of revocable trust; distribution of trust property
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 701Accepting or declining trusteeship
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 702Trustee’s bond
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 703Cotrustees
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 704Vacancy in trusteeship; appointment of successor
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 705Resignation of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 706Removal and replacement of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 707Delivery of property by former trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 708Compensation of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 709Reimbursement of expenses
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 801Duty to administer trust
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 802Duty of loyalty
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 803Impartiality
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 804Prudent administration
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 805Costs of administration
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 806Trustee’s skills
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 807Delegation by trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 808Powers to direct
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 809Control and protection of trust property
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 810Recordkeeping and identification of trust property
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 811Enforcement and defense of claims
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 812Collecting trust property
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 813Duty to inform and report
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 814Discretionary powers; tax savings
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 815General powers of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 816Specific powers of trustee
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 817Distribution upon termination
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 901Prudent investor rule
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 902Standard of care; portfolio strategy; risk and return objectives
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 903Diversification
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 904Duties at inception of trusteeship
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 905Reviewing compliance
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 906Language invoking standard of this chapter
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 907Total return unitrusts
- Vt. Stat. Ann. tit. 14A, § 908Express total return unitrusts
Enacted in other states
Arkansas, Florida, Iowa, Illinois, Louisiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Texas, Wisconsin
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