10 U.S.C. § 1521
Section 1521 · Posthumous commissions
Amended 3 times on record
Applied in 12 court decisions — leading case Easley v. Hunter (1953)
Most recently applied in Loving v. United States (December 2005)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
(a) The President may issue, or have issued, an appropriate commission in the name of a member of the armed forces who, after September 8, 1939—
(1) was appointed to a commissioned grade but was unable to accept the appointment because of death;
(2) successfully completed the course at an officers’ training school and was recommended for appointment to a commissioned grade by the commanding officer or officer in charge of the school but was unable to accept the appointment because of death; or
(3) was officially recommended for appointment or promotion to a commissioned grade but was unable to accept the promotion or appointment because of death.
(b) A commission issued under subsection (a) shall issue as of the date of the appointment, recommendation, or official recommendation, as the case may be, and the member's name shall be carried on the records of the military or executive department concerned as if he had served in the grade, and branch if any, in which posthumously commissioned, from the date of the appointment, recommendation, or official recommendation to the date of his death.
(c) A commission issued under subsection (a) in connection with the promotion of a deceased member to a higher commissioned grade shall require certification by the Secretary concerned that, at the time of death of the member, the member was qualified for appointment to that higher grade.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
10:491b (words before semicolon).10:491c (words before semicolon). July 28, 1942, ch. 528, §§1–3, 56 Stat. 722, 723; July 17, 1953, ch. 220, §1(a)–(c), 67 Stat. 176. 34:285b (words before semicolon). 34:285c (words before semicolon). 34:285d (words before semicolon). 1521(b) 10:491a (words after semicolon). 10:491b (words after semicolon). 10:491c (words after semicolon). 34:285b (words after semicolon). 34:285c (words after semicolon). 34:285d (words after semicolon). In subsection (a), the words “a member of” are substituted for the words “any person who, while in”, in 10:491a, 491b, 491c, and 34:285b, 285c, and 285d. The words “armed forces” are substituted for the words “military service of the United States”, in 10:491a, 491b, and 491c; and the words “naval service of the United States”, in 34:285b, 285c, and 285d (which did not appear in the source statute for the revised section, as amended by the Act of July 17, 1953, ch. 220, §1(b), 67 Stat. 177). The words “to such grade”, in 10:491a and 34:285b, “receive or”, in 10:491c and 34:285d, are omitted as surplusage.
In subsection (b), the words “if any” are substituted for words “of the service”. The words “appointment and”, in 10:491b and 34:285c, and “appointment or promotion and”, in 10:491c and 34:285d, are omitted as surplusage.
Amendments
2008—Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 110–417, §502(a)(1), struck out “in line of duty” after “death” in pars. (1) to (3).
Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 110–417, §502(a)(2), added subsec. (c).
2000—Subsec. (a)(3). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §505(a)], struck out “and the recommendation for whose appointment or promotion was approved by the Secretary concerned” after “commissioned grade”.
Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 106–398, §1 [[div. A], title V, §505(b)], substituted “official recommendation” for “approval” in two places.
Delegation of Functions
For assignment of functions of President under subsec. (a) of this section, see sections 1(a) and 2(a) of Ex. Ord. No. 13358, Sept. 28, 2004, 69 F.R. 58797, set out as a note under section 301 of Title 3, The President.
Determination of Date of Death Under Missing Persons Act
Section 5 of act July 28, 1942, ch. 528, as added July 17, 1953, ch. 220, §1(e), 67 Stat. 177, provided that for purposes of this chapter, in any case where the date of death is established under the Missing Persons Act, as amended, the date of death is the date of receipt by the head of the department concerned of evidence that the person is dead, or the date the finding of death is made under section 5 of that Act, prior to repeal by Pub. L. 89–718, §12(b), Nov. 2, 1966, 80 Stat. 1117. See section 1524 of this title.