12 U.S.C. § 1461
Section 1461 · Short title
Amended 2 times on record
Applied in 350 court decisions — leading case Fidelity Federal Savings and Loan Association v. D Cuesta (1982)
Most recently applied in Susan McShannock v. Jp Morgan Chase Bank (September 2020)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 12 U.S.C. § 1464 · 28 U.S.C. § 1331 · 12 U.S.C. § 1463
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
This chapter may be cited as the “Home Owners’ Loan Act.”
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Amendments
1989—Pub. L. 101–73 amended section generally, striking out “of 1933” after “Act”.
Effective Date of 1989 Amendment
Section 305(c) of Pub. L. 101–73 provided that: “The amendments made by section 301 [amending this chapter] relating to civil penalties shall apply with respect to violations committed and activities engaged in after the date of the enactment of this Act [Aug. 9, 1989], except that the increased maximum civil penalties of $5,000 and $25,000 per violation or per day may apply to such violations or activities committed or engaged in before such date with respect to an institution if such violations or activities—
“(1) are not already subject to a notice issued by the appropriate Federal banking agency or the Board (initiating an administrative proceeding); and
“(2) occurred after the completion of the last report of examination of the institution by the appropriate Federal banking agency (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [12 U.S.C. 1813]) occurring before the date of the enactment of this Act.”
Short Title of 1991 Amendment
Pub. L. 102–242, title IV, §436, Dec. 19, 1991, 105 Stat. 2381, provided that: “This subtitle [subtitle G (§§436–441) of title IV of Pub. L. 102–242, amending sections 1464 and 1467a of this title] may be cited as the ‘Qualified Thrift Lender Reform Act of 1991’.”
Short Title of 1982 Amendment
Pub. L. 97–320, title III, §301, Oct. 15, 1982, 96 Stat. 1496, provided that: “This title [enacting section 1701j–3 of this title, amending sections 1425a, 1426, 1428a, 1430, 1464, 1725, 1730a, 1841, and 3503 of this title, enacting provisions set out as a note under section 3503 of this title, and repealing provisions set out as a note under section 461 of this title] may be cited as the ‘Thrift Institutions Restructuring Act’.”