14 U.S.C. § 85
Section 85 · Aids to maritime navigation; penalty
Amended 4 times on record
Applied in 4 court decisions — leading case 163 F. Supp. 499 - Steamtug Aladdin, Inc. v. City of Boston (1958)
Most recently applied in 527 F. Supp. 2d 598 - Targa Midstream Services Ltd. Partnership v. K-Sea Transportation Partners, L.P. (October 2007)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
The Secretary shall prescribe and enforce necessary and reasonable rules and regulations, for the protection of maritime navigation, relative to the establishment, maintenance, and operation of lights and other signals on fixed and floating structures in or over waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in the high seas for structures owned or operated by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Any owner or operator of such a structure, excluding an agency of the United States, who violates any of the rules or regulations prescribed hereunder, commits a misdemeanor and shall be punished, upon conviction thereof, by a fine of not exceeding $1,500 for each day which such violation continues.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Historical and Revision Notes
Based on title 33, U.S.C., 1946 ed., §760 (May 14, 1908, ch. 168, §5, 35 Stat. 162).
Changes were made in phraseology. 81st Congress, House Report No. 557.
Amendments
2014—Pub. L. 113–281 substituted "$1,500" for "$100".
1974—Pub. L. 93–283 struck out "on fixed structures" after "maritime navigation" in section catchline and in text substituted "fixed and floating structures in or over waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States and in the high seas for structures owned or operated by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States" for "fixed structures in or over navigable waters of the United States".
1956—Act June 4, 1956, amended section generally, vesting in Secretary rule-making authority, for the protection of maritime navigation, relative to the establishment, maintenance, and operation of lights and other signals on fixed structures in or over navigable waters of the United States, and excluding agencies of United States from its provisions.