19 U.S.C. § 4
Section 4 · Omitted
Applied in 354 court decisions — leading case Board of Trustees v. Four-C-Aire, Inc. (2022)
Most recently applied in Wudi Industrial (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. v. Wai Wong (July 2025)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 15 U.S.C. § 4 · 16 U.S.C. § 4 · 18 U.S.C. § 4
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.