2 U.S.C. § 9
Section 9 · Voting for Representatives
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 5 court decisions — leading case Voorhes v. Dempsey (1964)
Most recently applied in Martin v. C.D. Gray, Inc. (June 1986)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
All votes for Representatives in Congress must be by written or printed ballot, or voting machine the use of which has been duly authorized by the State law; and all votes received or recorded contrary to this section shall be of no effect.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Codification
R.S. §27 derived from acts Feb. 28, 1871, ch. 99, §19, 16 Stat. 440, and May 30, 1872, ch. 239, 17 Stat. 192.