20 U.S.C. § 1683
Section 1683 · Judicial review
This is the Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 18 court decisions — leading case 464 F. Supp. 1104 - Boxall v. Sequoia Union High School District (1979)
Most recently applied in State of Tenn. v. Dep't of Educ. (June 2024)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Any department or agency action taken pursuant to section 1682 of this title shall be subject to such judicial review as may otherwise be provided by law for similar action taken by such department or agency on other grounds. In the case of action, not otherwise subject to judicial review, terminating or refusing to grant or to continue financial assistance upon a finding of failure to comply with any requirement imposed pursuant to section 1682 of this title, any person aggrieved (including any State or political subdivision thereof and any agency of either) may obtain judicial review of such action in accordance with chapter 7 of title 5, and such action shall not be deemed committed to unreviewable agency discretion within the meaning of section 701 of that title.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Codification
“Section 1682 of this title”, where first appearing, substituted in text for “section 1002” as conforming to intent of Congress as Pub. L. 92 318 was enacted without any section 1002 and subsequent text refers to “section 902”, which is classified to section 1682 of this title.