28 U.S.C. § 2113
Section 2113 · Definition
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 24 court decisions — leading case United States v. Bradley (1987)
Most recently applied in United States v. Brian Cook (July 2024)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
For purposes of this chapter, the terms “State court”, “State courts”, and “highest court of a State” include the District of Columbia Court of Appeals.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Effective Date
Section effective the first day of the seventh calendar month which begins after July 29, 1970, see section 199(a) of Pub. L. 91–358, set out as an Effective Date of 1970 Amendment note under section 1257 of this title.