28 U.S.C. § 2341
Section 2341 · Definitions
Amended 5 times on record
Applied in 100 court decisions — leading case Stone v. Immigration & Naturalization Service (1995)
Most recently applied in Gorss Motels, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission (December 2021)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 28 U.S.C. § 2342 · 28 U.S.C. § 2344 · 5 U.S.C. § 706
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
As used in this chapter—
(1) “clerk” means the clerk of the court in which the petition for the review of an order, reviewable under this chapter, is filed;
(2) “petitioner” means the party or parties by whom a petition to review an order, reviewable under this chapter, is filed; and
(3) “agency” means—
(A) the Commission, when the order sought to be reviewed was entered by the Federal Communications Commission, the Federal Maritime Commission, or the Atomic Energy Commission, as the case may be;
(B) the Secretary, when the order was entered by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Secretary of Transportation;
(C) the Administration, when the order was entered by the Maritime Administration;
(D) the Secretary, when the order is under section 812 of the Fair Housing Act; and
(E) the Board, when the order was entered by the Surface Transportation Board.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Subsection (a) of former section 1031 of title 5 is omitted as unnecessary because the term “court of appeals” as used in title 28 means a United States Court of Appeals and no additional definition is necessary.
In paragraph (3), reference to the United States Maritime Commission is omitted because that Commission was abolished by 1950 Reorg. Plan No. 21, §306, eff. May 24, 1950, 64 Stat. 1277. Reference to “Federal Maritime Commission” is substituted for “Federal Maritime Board” on authority of 1961 Reorg. Plan No. 7, eff. Aug. 12, 1961, 75 Stat. 840.
References in Text
Section 812 of the Fair Housing Act, referred to in par. (3)(D), is classified to section 3612 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Amendments
1995—Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 104–88, §305(d)(1), struck out “the Interstate Commerce Commission,” after “Maritime Commission,”.
Par. (3)(E). Pub. L. 104–88, §305(d)(2)–(4), added subpar. (E).
1992—Par. (3)(B). Pub. L. 102–365 inserted “or the Secretary of Transportation” after “Secretary of Agriculture”.
1988—Par. (3)(D). Pub. L. 100–430 added subpar. (D).
1975—Par. (3)(A). Pub. L. 93–584 inserted reference to the Interstate Commerce Commission.
Effective Date of 1995 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 104–88 effective Jan. 1, 1996, see section 2 of Pub. L. 104–88, set out as an Effective Date note under section 701 of Title 49, Transportation.
Effective Date of 1988 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 100–430 effective on the 180th day beginning after Sept. 13, 1988, see section 13(a) of Pub. L. 100–430, set out as a note under section 3601 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare.
Effective Date of 1975 Amendment
Amendment by Pub. L. 93–584 not applicable to actions commenced on or before last day of first month beginning after Jan. 2, 1975, and actions to enjoin or suspend orders of Interstate Commerce Commission which are pending when this amendment becomes effective shall not be affected thereby, but shall proceed to final disposition under the law existing on the date they were commenced, see section 10 of Pub. L. 93–584, set out as a note under section 2321 of this title.
Transfer of Functions
Atomic Energy Commission abolished and functions transferred by sections 5814 and 5841 of Title 42, The Public Health and Welfare. See, also, Transfer of Functions notes set out under those sections.