42 U.S.C. § 4451
Section 4451 · Transferred
Applied in 4 court decisions — leading case 357 F. Supp. 143 - Berends v. Butz (1973)
Most recently applied in Pennsylvania ex rel. Shapp v. Kleppe (March 1976)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.