42 U.S.C. § 7704

Section 7704 · National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program

Current version, with additions and removals from the October 25, 2004 version.

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Current — December 27, 2022

As of October 25, 2004

(a) Establishment

(1) In general

There is established the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.

(2) Program activities

The activities of the Program shall be designed to—

(A) develop effective measures for earthquake hazards reduction;

(B) promote the adoption of earthquake hazards reduction measures by Federal, State, and local governments, national standards and model code organizations, architects and engineers, building owners, and others with a role in planning and constructing buildings, structures, and ~~lifelines~~ through—

(i) grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and technical assistance;

(ii) development of standards, guidelines, and voluntary consensus codes for earthquake hazards reduction for buildings, structures, and ~~lifelines;~~

(ii) development of standards, guidelines, and voluntary consensus codes for earthquake hazards reduction for buildings, structures, and lifeline infrastructure;

(iii) development and maintenance of a repository of information, including technical data, on seismic ~~risk~~ and hazards reduction; and

(iii) development and maintenance of a repository of information, including technical data, on seismic risk, community resilience, and hazards reduction; and

(iv) publishing a systematic set of maps of active faults and folds, liquefaction susceptibility, susceptibility for earthquake induced landslides, and other seismically induced hazards; and 1

(C) improve the understanding of earthquakes and their effects on communities, buildings, structures, and ~~lifelines,~~ through interdisciplinary research that involves engineering, natural sciences, and social, economic, and decisions sciences; and

(C) improve the understanding of earthquakes and their effects on communities, buildings, structures, and lifeline infrastructure, through interdisciplinary research that involves engineering, natural sciences, and social, economic, and decisions sciences; and

(D) develop, operate, and maintain an Advanced National Seismic Research and Monitoring System established under section 7707 of this title, the George E. Brown, Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation established under section 7708 of this title, and the Global Seismographic Network.

(D) continue the development of the Advanced National Seismic System, including earthquake early warning capabilities and the Global Seismographic Network.

(3) Interagency Coordinating Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction

(A) In general

There is established an Interagency Coordinating Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction chaired by the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (referred to in this subsection as the “Director”).

(B) Membership

~~The~~ committee shall be composed ~~of the directors~~ of—

In addition to the Director, the committee shall be composed of—

(i) the Federal Emergency Management Agency;

(i) the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency;

(ii) the United States Geological Survey;

(ii) the Director of the United States Geological Survey;

(iii) the National Science Foundation;

(iii) the Director of the National Science Foundation;

(iv) the Office of Science and Technology Policy; and

(iv) the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy; and

(v) the Office of Management and Budget.

(v) the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.

The Committee shall meet not less than ~~3 times a~~ year at the call of the Director.

The Committee shall meet not less frequently than once each year at the call of the Director.

(D) Purpose and duties

(D) Duties

(i) General duty

The Interagency Coordinating Committee shall oversee the planning, management, and coordination of the Program. ~~The Interagency Coordinating Committee shall—~~

The Interagency Coordinating Committee shall oversee the planning, management, and coordination of the Program.

(ii) Specific duties

The duties of the Interagency Coordinating Committee include the following:

~~(i) develop,~~ not later than 6 months after October 25, 2004, and ~~update~~ periodically—

(I) Developing, not later than 6 months after October 25, 2004, and updating periodically—

~~(I)~~ a strategic plan that establishes goals and priorities for the Program activities described under subsection ~~(a)(2) of this section;~~ and

(aa) a strategic plan that establishes goals and priorities for the Program activities described under subsection (a)(2); and

~~(II)~~ a detailed management plan to implement such strategic ~~plan; and~~

(bb) a detailed management plan to implement such strategic plan.

~~(ii) develop~~ a coordinated interagency budget for the Program that will ensure appropriate balance among the Program activities described under subsection ~~(a)(2) of this section,~~ and, in accordance with the plans developed under ~~clause (i), submit~~ such budget to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget at the time designated by ~~that office~~ for agencies to submit ~~annual~~ budgets.

(II) Developing a coordinated interagency budget for the Program that will ensure appropriate balance among the Program activities described under subsection (a)(2), and, in accordance with the plans developed under subclause (I), submitting such budget to the Director of the Office of Management and Budget at the time designated by the Director for agencies to submit biennial budgets.

(III) Developing interagency memorandums of understanding with any relevant Federal agencies on data sharing and resource commitment in the event of an earthquake disaster.

(IV) Coordinating with the Interagency Coordinating Committee on Windstorm Impact Reduction and other natural hazards coordination committees as the Director determines appropriate to share data and best practices.

(V) Coordinating with the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Administrator of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on data sharing and resource allocation to ensure judicious use of Government resources and the free-flowing exchange of information related to earthquakes.

(VI) Coordinating with the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior on the use of public lands for earthquake monitoring and research stations, and related data collection.

(VII) Coordinating with the Secretary of Transportation and the Secretary of Housing and Urban Development on the effects of earthquakes on transportation and housing stocks.

(iii) Assistance from Secretary of Agriculture and Secretary of the Interior

To the extent practicable, the Secretary of Agriculture and the Secretary of the Interior shall expedite any request for a permit to use public land under clause (ii)(VI).

(4) ~~Annual~~ report

(4) Biennial report

The Interagency Coordinating Committee shall transmit, at the time of the President's budget request to Congress, an annual report to the Committee on Science and the Committee on Resources of the House of Representatives, and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate. Such report shall include—

(A) In general

Not less frequently than once every two years, the Interagency Coordinating Committee shall submit to the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, and the Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs of the Senate and the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, the Committee on Energy and Commerce, the Committee on Natural Resources, and the Committee on Homeland Security of the House of Representatives a report on the Program. Such report shall include—

~~(A)~~ the Program budget for the current fiscal year for each agency that participates in the Program, and for each major goal established for the Program activities under ~~subparagraph (3)(A);~~

(i) the Program budget for the current fiscal year for each agency that participates in the Program, and for each major goal established for the Program activities under paragraph (3)(D)(i)(I); 2

~~(B)~~ the proposed Program budget for the next fiscal year for each agency that participates in the Program, and for each major goal established for the Program activities under ~~subparagraph (3)(A);~~

(ii) the proposed Program budget for the next fiscal year for each agency that participates in the Program, and for each major goal established for the Program activities under paragraph (3)(D)(i)(I); 2

~~(C)~~ a description of the activities and results of the Program during the previous year, including an assessment of the effectiveness of the Program in furthering the goals established in the strategic plan under ~~(3)(A) 1 ;~~

(iii) a description of the activities and results of the Program during the previous year, including an assessment of the effectiveness of the Program in furthering the goals established in the strategic plan under paragraph (3)(D)(i)(I); 2

~~(D)~~ a description of the extent to which the Program has incorporated the recommendations of the Advisory Committee;

(iv) a description of the extent to which the Program has incorporated the recommendations of the Advisory Committee;

~~(E)~~ a description of activities, including budgets for the current fiscal year and proposed budgets for the next fiscal year, that are carried out by Program agencies and contribute to the Program, but are not included in the Program; ~~and~~

(v) a description of activities, including budgets for the current fiscal year and proposed budgets for the next fiscal year, that are carried out by Program agencies and contribute to the Program, but are not included in the Program;

~~(F)~~ a description of the activities, including budgets for the current fiscal year and proposed budgets for the following fiscal year, related to the grant program carried out under subsection ~~(b)(2)(A)(i) of this section.~~

(vi) a description of the activities, including budgets for the current fiscal year and proposed budgets for the following fiscal year, related to the grant program carried out under subsection (b)(2)(A)(i); and

(vii) a statement regarding whether the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency has lowered or waived the cost share requirement for assistance provided under subsection (b)(2)(A)(i).

(B) Support for preparation of report

Each head of a Program agency shall submit to the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology such information as the Director may request for the preparation of a report under subparagraph (A) not later than 90 days after the date on which the Director requests such information.

(5) Advisory Committee

(A) In general

The Director shall establish an Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction of at least 11 members, none of whom may be an employee (as defined in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of section 7342(a)(1) of title 5 2 including representatives of research and academic institutions, industry standards development organizations, State and local government, and financial communities who are qualified to provide advice on earthquake hazards reduction and represent all related scientific, architectural, and engineering disciplines. The recommendations of the Advisory Committee shall be considered by Federal agencies in implementing the Program.

The Director shall establish an Advisory Committee on Earthquake Hazards Reduction of at least 11 members, none of whom may be an employee (as defined in subparagraphs (A) through (F) of section 7342(a)(1) of title 5 3 including representatives of research and academic institutions, industry standards development organizations, State and local government, and financial communities who are qualified to provide advice on earthquake hazards reduction and represent all related scientific, architectural, and engineering disciplines. The recommendations of the Advisory Committee shall be considered by Federal agencies in implementing the Program.

(B) Assessment

The Advisory Committee shall assess—

(i) trends and developments in the science and engineering of earthquake hazards reduction;

(ii) effectiveness of the Program in carrying out the activities under (a)(2) ~~3 of this section;~~

(ii) effectiveness of the Program in carrying out the activities under (a)(2) 4;

(iii) the need to revise the Program; and

(iv) the management, coordination, implementation, and activities of the Program.

Not later than 1 year after October 25, 2004, and at least once every 2 years thereafter, the Advisory Committee shall report to the Director on its findings of the assessment carried out under subparagraph (B) and its recommendations for ways to improve the Program. In developing recommendations, the Committee shall consider the recommendations of the United States Geological Survey Scientific Earthquake Studies Advisory Committee.

(D) Federal Advisory Committee Act application

(D) Application of chapter 10 of title 5

Section 14 of ~~the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C. 14)~~ shall not apply to the Advisory Committee.

Section 1013 of title 5 shall not apply to the Advisory Committee.

(b) Responsibilities of Program agencies

(1) Lead agency

The National Institute of Standards and Technology shall have the primary responsibility for planning and coordinating the Program. In carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the Institute shall—

(A) ensure that the Program includes the necessary steps to promote the implementation of earthquake hazard reduction measures by Federal, State, and local governments, national standards and model building code organizations, architects and engineers, and others with a role in planning and ~~constructing~~ buildings and ~~lifelines;~~

(B) support the development of performance-based seismic engineering tools, and work with appropriate groups to promote the commercial application of such tools, through earthquake-related building codes, standards, and construction practices;

(C) request the assistance of Federal agencies other than the Program agencies, as necessary to assist in carrying out this chapter; and

(D) work with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological Survey, to develop a comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering research to effectively use existing testing facilities and laboratories (existing at the time of the development of the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and integrate new, innovative testing approaches to the research infrastructure in a systematic manner.

(D) work with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Science Foundation, and the United States Geological Survey, to develop a comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering research to provide new and effectively use existing testing facilities and laboratories (existing at the time of the development of the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and integrate new, innovative testing approaches to the research infrastructure in a systematic manner.

(2) Department of Homeland Security; Federal Emergency Management Agency

(A) Program responsibilities

The ~~Under Secretary of Homeland Security for Emergency Preparedness and Response (the Director~~ of the Federal Emergency Management ~~Agency)—~~

The Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency—

(i) shall work closely with national standards and model building code organizations, in conjunction with the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to promote the implementation of research results;

(ii) shall promote better building practices within the building design and construction industry including architects, engineers, contractors, builders, and inspectors;

~~(iii)~~ shall operate a program of grants and assistance to enable States to develop mitigation, preparedness, and response plans, prepare inventories and conduct seismic safety inspections of critical structures and ~~lifelines,~~ update ~~building~~ and zoning codes and ordinances to enhance seismic safety, increase earthquake awareness and education, and ~~encourage the development of~~ multi-State groups for such purposes;

(i) shall operate a program of grants and assistance to enable States to develop mitigation, preparedness, and response plans, purchase necessary instrumentation, prepare inventories and conduct seismic safety inspections of critical structures and lifeline infrastructure, update building, land use planning, and zoning codes and ordinances to enhance seismic safety, increase earthquake awareness and education, and provide assistance to multi-State groups for such purposes;

~~(iv)~~ shall support the implementation of a comprehensive earthquake ~~education~~ and public awareness program, including development of materials and their wide dissemination to all appropriate audiences and support public access to locality-specific information that may assist the public in preparing for, mitigating against, responding to and recovering from earthquakes and related disasters;

(ii) shall support the implementation of a comprehensive earthquake education, outreach, and public awareness program, including development of materials and their wide dissemination to all appropriate audiences and support public access to locality-specific information that may assist the public in preparing for, mitigating against, responding to and recovering from earthquakes and related disasters;

~~(v) shall assist~~ the National Institute of Standards and Technology, other Federal agencies, and private sector groups, in the preparation, maintenance, and wide dissemination of seismic resistant design guidance and related information on building codes, standards, and practices for new and existing buildings, structures, and ~~lifelines, and~~ aid in the development of performance-based design guidelines and ~~methodologies supporting~~ model codes ~~for buildings, structures, and lifelines~~ that are cost effective and ~~affordable;~~

(iii) shall, in conjunction with the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, other Federal agencies, and private sector groups, use research results to support the preparation, maintenance, and wide dissemination of seismic resistant design guidance and related information on building codes, standards, and practices for new and existing buildings, structures, and lifeline infrastructure, aid in the development of performance-based design guidelines and methodologies, and support model codes that are cost effective and affordable in order to promote better practices within the design and construction industry and reduce losses from earthquakes;

(vi) shall develop, coordinate, and execute the National Response Plan when required following an earthquake, and support the development of specific State and local plans for each high risk area to ensure the availability of adequate emergency medical resources, search and rescue personnel and equipment, and emergency broadcast capability;

(vii) shall develop approaches to combine measures for earthquake hazards reduction with measures for reduction of other natural and technological hazards including performance-based design approaches;

(viii) shall provide preparedness, response, and mitigation recommendations to communities after an earthquake prediction has been made under paragraph (3)(D); and

~~(ix) may~~ enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with States and local jurisdictions and other Federal agencies to establish demonstration projects on earthquake hazard mitigation, to link earthquake research and mitigation efforts with emergency management programs, or to prepare educational materials for national ~~distribution.~~

(iv) shall enter into cooperative agreements or contracts with States and local jurisdictions and other Federal agencies to establish demonstration projects on earthquake hazard mitigation, to link earthquake research and mitigation efforts with emergency management programs, or to prepare educational materials for national distribution; and

(v) shall support the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the completion of programmatic goals.

(B) State assistance program criteria

In order to qualify for assistance under subparagraph (A)(i), a State must—

(i) demonstrate that the assistance will result in enhanced seismic safety in the State;

(ii) provide ~~a share~~ of the costs of the activities for which assistance is being given, in ~~accordance with subparagraph (C);~~ and

(ii) provide 25 percent of the costs of the activities for which assistance is being given, except that the Administrator may lower or waive the cost-share requirement for these activities for a small impoverished community, as defined in section 5133 of this title; and

(iii) meet such other requirements as the ~~Director of the Agency~~ shall prescribe.

(iii) meet such other requirements as the Administrator shall prescribe.

(i) In the case of any State which has received, before October 1, 1990, a grant from the Agency for activities under this chapter which included a requirement for cost sharing by matching such grant, any grant obtained from the Agency for activities under subparagraph (A)(i) after such date shall not include a requirement for cost sharing in an amount greater than 50 percent of the cost of the project for which the grant is made.

(ii) In the case of any State which has not received, before October 1, 1990, a grant from the Agency for activities under this chapter which included a requirement for cost sharing by matching such grant, any grant obtained from the Agency for activities under subparagraph (A)(i) after such date—

(I) shall not include a requirement for cost sharing for the first fiscal year of such a grant;

(II) shall not include a requirement for cost sharing in an amount greater than 25 percent of the cost of the project for which the grant is made for the second fiscal year of such grant, and any cost sharing requirement may be satisfied through in-kind contributions;

(III) shall not include a requirement for cost sharing in an amount greater than 35 percent of the cost of the project for which the grant is made for the third fiscal year of such grant, and any cost sharing requirement may be satisfied through in-kind contributions; and

(IV) shall not include a requirement for cost sharing in an amount greater than 50 percent of the cost of the project for which the grant is made for the fourth and subsequent fiscal years of such grant.

(3) United States Geological Survey

The United States Geological Survey shall conduct research and other activities necessary to characterize and identify earthquake hazards, assess earthquake risks, monitor seismic activity, and improve earthquake ~~predictions.~~ In carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the United States Geological Survey shall—

The United States Geological Survey shall report on significant domestic and international earthquakes and conduct research and other activities necessary to characterize and identify earthquake hazards, assess earthquake risks, monitor seismic activity, and improve earthquake forecasts. In carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the United States Geological Survey shall—

(A) conduct a systematic assessment of the seismic risks in each region of the Nation prone to earthquakes, including, where appropriate, the establishment and operation of intensive monitoring projects on hazardous faults, seismic microzonation studies in urban and other developed areas where earthquake risk is determined to be significant, and engineering seismology studies;

(B) work with officials of State and local governments to ensure that they are knowledgeable about the specific seismic risks in their areas;

(C) develop standard procedures, in consultation with the ~~Director~~ of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, for issuing earthquake ~~predictions, including aftershock advisories;~~

(C) develop standard procedures, in consultation with the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, for issuing earthquake alerts and early warnings;

(D) issue when necessary, and notify the Director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology of, an earthquake prediction or other earthquake advisory, which may be evaluated by the National Earthquake Prediction Evaluation Council, which shall be exempt from the requirements of section 10(a)(2) of the Federal Advisory Committee Act when meeting for such purposes;

(D) issue when necessary and feasible, and notify the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and State and local officials, an alert and an earthquake warning;

(E) operate, ~~using~~ the National Earthquake Information Center, a forum for the international exchange of earthquake information which shall—

(E) operate, including the National Earthquake Information Center, a forum for the international exchange of earthquake information which shall—

(i) promote the exchange of information on earthquake research and earthquake preparedness between the United States and other nations;

(ii) maintain a library containing selected reports, research papers, and data produced through the Program;

(iii) answer requests from other nations for information on United States earthquake research and earthquake preparedness programs; and

(iv) direct foreign requests to the agency involved in the Program which is best able to respond to the request;

(F) operate a National Seismic System;

(G) support regional seismic networks, which shall complement the National Seismic Network; and 4

(G) support regional seismic networks, which shall complement the National Seismic Network; and 1

(H) work with the National Science Foundation, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop a comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering research to effectively use existing testing facilities and laboratories (in existence at the time of the development of the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and integrate new, innovative testing approaches to the research infrastructure in a systematic ~~manner. 5~~

(I) work with other Program agencies to coordinate Program activities with similar earthquake hazards reduction efforts in other countries, to ensure that the Program benefits from relevant information and advances in those countries; ~~and~~

(J) maintain suitable seismic hazard maps in support of building codes for structures and ~~lifelines,~~ including additional maps needed for performance-based design ~~approaches.~~

(J) maintain suitable seismic hazard maps and data in support of building codes for structures and lifeline infrastructure, including additional maps needed for performance-based design approaches; and

(K) support the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the completion of programmatic goals.

(4) National Science Foundation

(A) In general

The National Science Foundation shall be responsible for funding research on earth sciences to improve the understanding of the causes and behavior of earthquakes, on earthquake engineering, and on human response to earthquakes. In carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the National Science Foundation shall—

~~(A)~~ encourage prompt dissemination of significant findings, sharing of data, samples, physical collections, and other supporting materials, and development of intellectual property so research results can be used by appropriate organizations to mitigate earthquake damage;

(i) encourage prompt dissemination of significant findings, sharing of data, samples, physical collections, and other supporting materials, and development of intellectual property so research results can be used by appropriate organizations to mitigate earthquake damage;

~~(B)~~ in addition to supporting individual investigators, support university research ~~consortia~~ and centers for research in geosciences and in earthquake engineering;

(ii) in addition to supporting individual investigators, support university research consortia, State agencies, State geological surveys, and centers for research in geosciences and in earthquake engineering;

~~(C)~~ work closely with the United States Geological Survey to identify geographic regions of national concern that should be the focus of targeted solicitations for earthquake-related research proposals;

(iii) work closely with the United States Geological Survey to support applied science in the production of a systematic series of earthquake-related geologic hazard maps, and to identify geographic regions of national concern that should be the focus of targeted solicitations for earthquake-related research proposals;

~~(D)~~ support research that improves the safety and performance of buildings, structures, and lifeline systems using ~~large-scale~~ experimental and computational facilities of the George E. Brown Jr. Network for Earthquake Engineering Simulation and other institutions engaged in research and the implementation of the National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program;

(iv) support research that improves the safety and performance of buildings, structures, and lifeline systems using experimental and computational facilities;

~~(E)~~ emphasize, in earthquake engineering research, development of economically feasible methods to retrofit existing buildings and to protect ~~lifelines~~ to mitigate earthquake damage;

(v) emphasize, in earthquake engineering research, development of economically feasible methods to retrofit existing buildings and to protect lifeline infrastructure to mitigate earthquake damage;

~~(F)~~ support research that studies the political, economic, and social factors that influence the implementation of hazard reduction measures;

(vi) support research that studies the political, economic, and social factors that influence the implementation of hazard reduction measures;

~~(G)~~ include to the maximum extent practicable diverse institutions, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities and those serving large proportions of Hispanics, Native Americans, Asian-Pacific Americans, and other underrepresented populations; ~~and~~

(vii) include to the maximum extent practicable diverse institutions, including Historically Black Colleges and Universities and those serving large proportions of Hispanics, Native Americans, Asian-Pacific Americans, and other underrepresented populations;

~~(H)~~ develop, in conjunction with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the United States Geological Survey, a comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering research to effectively use existing testing facilities and laboratories (in existence at the time of the development of the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and integrate new, innovative testing approaches to the research infrastructure in a systematic ~~manner.~~

(viii) develop, in conjunction with the Federal Emergency Management Agency, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the United States Geological Survey, a comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering research to effectively use existing testing facilities and laboratories (in existence at the time of the development of the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and integrate new, innovative testing approaches to the research infrastructure in a systematic manner; and

~~(5)~~ National Institute of Standards and Technology

(ix) support the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology in the completion of programmatic goals.

(B) Identification of funding

The National Science Foundation shall—

(i) to the extent practicable, note in any notice of Program funding or other funding possibilities under the Program that the funds are part of the Program;

(ii) to the extent practicable, track the awarding of Federal funds through the Program; and

(iii) not less frequently than once every 2 years, submit to the director of the Program a report specifying the amount of Federal funds awarded to conduct research that enhances the understanding of earthquake science.

(5) National Institute of Standards and Technology

In addition to the lead agency responsibilities described under paragraph (1), the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall be responsible for carrying out research and development to improve building codes and standards and practices for structures and ~~lifelines.~~ In carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall—

In addition to the lead agency responsibilities described under paragraph (1), the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall be responsible for carrying out research and development to improve community resilience through building codes and standards and practices for structures and lifeline infrastructure. In carrying out this paragraph, the Director of the National Institute of Standards and Technology shall—

(A) work closely with national standards and model building code organizations, in conjunction with the Agency, to promote the implementation of research results;

(B) promote better building practices among architects and engineers;

(C) work closely with national standards organizations to develop seismic safety standards and practices for new and existing ~~lifelines;~~

(C) work closely with national standards organizations to develop seismic safety standards and practices for new and existing lifeline infrastructure;

(D) support the development and commercial application of cost effective and affordable performance-based seismic engineering by providing technical support for seismic engineering practices and related building code, standards, and practices development; and

(E) work with the National Science Foundation, the Federal Emergency Management Agency, and the United States Geological Survey to develop a comprehensive plan for earthquake engineering research to effectively use existing testing facilities and laboratories (in existence at the time of the development of the plan), upgrade facilities and equipment as needed, and integrate new, innovative testing approaches to the research infrastructure in a systematic manner.

(1) Guidance

The Interagency Coordinating Committee shall each year provide guidance to the other Program agencies concerning the preparation of requests for appropriations for activities related to the Program, and shall prepare, in conjunction with the other Program agencies, an annual Program budget to be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget.

(2) Reports

Each Program agency shall include with its annual request for appropriations submitted to the Office of Management and Budget a report that—

(A) identifies each element of the proposed Program activities of the agency;

(B) specifies how each of these activities contributes to the Program; and

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Versions

Dec 27, 2022 – presentcurrentviewing
Annual edition
Subsec. (a)(5)(D). Pub. L. 117–286 substituted “Application of chapter 10 of title 5” for “Federal Advisory Committee Act application” in heading and “Section 1013 of title 5” for “Section 14 of the Federal Advisory Committee Act (5 App. U.S.C. 14)” in text.
▸ what changed
Source credit
Pub. L. 117–286, § 4(a)(271), Dec. 27, 2022, 136 Stat. 4335.
Dec 11, 2018 – Dec 27, 2022
Annual edition
Pub. L. 115–307, § 2(c)(1)(B), substituted “lifeline infrastructure” for “lifelines” wherever appearing.
▸ what changed changes vs current →
Source credit
Pub. L. 115–307, §§ 2(c)(1)(B), 3(a)–(b)(4)(A), (c)–(f), 8(a)(1), (c), Dec. 11, 2018, 132 Stat. 4409–4413, 4417
Oct 25, 2004 – Dec 11, 2018
Annual edition
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 108–360, § 103(1), amended heading and text of subsec. (a) generally. Prior to amendment, text read as follows: “There is established a National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program.”
▸ what changed changes vs current →
Source credit
Pub. L. 108–360, title I, § 103, Oct. 25, 2004, 118 Stat. 1669
Nov 13, 2000 – Oct 25, 2004
Annual edition
Subsec. (b)(1). Pub. L. 106–503, § 206(1), redesignated subpars. (B) to (F) as (A) to (E), respectively, and struck out former subpar. (A) which read as follows: “prepare, in conjunction with the other Program agencies, an annual budget for the Program to be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget;”.
▸ what changed changes vs current →
Source credit
Pub. L. 106–503, title II, §§ 206, 208, Nov. 13, 2000, 114 Stat. 2307
Oct 1, 1997 – Nov 13, 2000
Annual edition
Subsec. (b)(1)(F). Pub. L. 105–47, § 3(b), added subpar. (F).
▸ what changed changes vs current →
Source credit
Pub. L. 105–47, § 3, Oct. 1, 1997, 111 Stat. 1162
Nov 16, 1990 – Oct 1, 1997
Annual edition
Pub. L. 101–614 amended section generally, substituting present provisions consisting of subsecs. (a) and (b) for former provisions which provided for: in subsec. (a), establishment of program; in subsec. (b), duties of President and Director of Federal Emergency Management Agency; in subsec. (c), objectives of program; in subsec. (d), Federal participation; in subsec. (e), research elements; in subsec. (f), mitigation elements; in subsec. (g), State assistance; in subsec. (h), non-Federal participation; in subsec. (i), study and recommendations on disaster relief; and in subsec. (j), cost sharing.
changes vs current →
Source credit
Pub. L. 101–614, § 5, Nov. 16, 1990, 104 Stat. 3232
Nov 23, 1988 – Nov 16, 1990
Amended · full text not held
Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted “National Institute of Standards and Technology” for “National Bureau of Standards”.
Source credit
Pub. L. 100–707, title I, § 109(u), Nov. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 4710
Aug 23, 1988 – Nov 23, 1988
Amended · full text not held
Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted “National Institute of Standards and Technology” for “National Bureau of Standards”.
Source credit
Pub. L. 100–418, title V, § 5115(c), Aug. 23, 1988, 102 Stat. 1433
Feb 29, 1988 – Aug 23, 1988
Amended · full text not held
Subsec. (b)(2)(F). Pub. L. 100–418 substituted “National Institute of Standards and Technology” for “National Bureau of Standards”.
Source credit
Pub. L. 100–252, § 2, Feb. 29, 1988, 102 Stat. 18
Sep 30, 1985 – Feb 29, 1988
Amended · full text not held
Subsec. (b)(2)(E). Pub. L. 99–105, § 5, amended subpar. (E) generally, substituting “to be submitted to the Congress and updated at such times as may be required by significant program events, but in no event less frequently than every three years;” for “which plan will recommend base and incremental budget options for the agencies to carry out the elements and programs specified through at least 1985, and which plan shall be completed by September 30, 1981, and transmitted to the Congress and shall be updated annually; and”.
Source credit
Pub. L. 99–105, §§ 5, 6, Sept. 30, 1985, 99 Stat. 475
Oct 19, 1980 – Sep 30, 1985
Amended · full text not held
Subsec. (a). Pub. L. 96–472, § 101(a), inserted provisions relating to non-Federal participation in par. (2), and substituted provisions respecting the elements described in subsec. (f) of this section, for provisions respecting the implementation plan described in subsec. (f) of this section in par. (3).
Source credit
Pub. L. 96–472, title I, § 101, Oct. 19, 1980, 94 Stat. 2257
Oct 7, 1977 – Oct 19, 1980
Enacted · full text not held
Source credit
Pub. L. 95–124, § 5, Oct. 7, 1977, 91 Stat. 1099

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Practice areas using this title

Civil Rights Law Elder Law Employment Employment Discrimination Law Environmental Law Health Care Law Nursing Home Abuse Litigation Sexual Harassment Law Social Security Disability Law Toxic Tort Law

Part of

Civil Rights Act of 1991 (CRA 1991)
Overrode several restrictive Supreme Court decisions and expanded damages (including compensatory and punitive) under Title VII and other anti-discrimination statutes.
42 U.S.C. (amends Title VII and other anti-discrimination statutes)