43 U.S.C. § 1451
Section 1451 · Establishment
Applied in 1 court decisions — leading case Oroville-Tonasket Irrigation District v. United States (1995)
Most recently applied in Oroville-Tonasket Irrigation District v. United States (March 1995)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
There shall be at the seat of government an executive department to be known as the Department of the Interior, and a Secretary of the Interior, who shall be the head thereof.
Editorial notes U.S. Code · Office of the Law Revision Counsel
Codification
R.S. §437 derived from act Mar. 3, 1849, ch. 108, §1, 9 Stat. 395.
Section was formerly classified to section 481 of Title 5 prior to the general revision and enactment of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees, by Pub. L. 89–554, §1, Sept. 6, 1966, 80 Stat. 378.
Transfer of Functions
For transfer of functions of other officers, employees, and agencies of Department of the Interior, with certain exceptions, to Secretary of the Interior, with power to delegate, see Reorg. Plan No. 3 of 1950, §§1, 2, eff. May 24, 1950, 15 F.R. 3174, 64 Stat. 1262, set out below.
Compensation of Secretary
Compensation of Secretary, see section 5312 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Order of Succession
For order of succession in event of vacancy in office of Secretary, or during his absence or disability, see Ex. Ord. No. 11487, eff. Oct. 6, 1969, 34 F.R. 15593, set out as a note under section 3347 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.
Executive Order No. 9432
Ex. Ord. No. 9432, eff. Mar. 28, 1944, 9 F.R. 3411, which related to designation of Under Secretary and Assistant Secretaries of the Interior to act as Secretary of the Interior, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 9866, eff. June 14, 1947, 12 F.R. 3909, formerly set out below.
Executive Order No. 9866
Ex. Ord. No. 9866, eff. June 14, 1947, 12 F.R. 3909, which related to designation of officers to act as Secretary of the Interior, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 10156, eff. Aug. 26, 1950, 15 F.R. 5789, formerly out below.
Executive Order No. 10156
Ex. Ord. No. 10156, eff. Aug. 26, 1950, 15 F.R. 5789, which related to designation of certain officers of Department of the Interior to act as Secretary of the Interior, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 10753, eff. Feb. 15, 1958, 23 F.R. 1107, formerly set out below.
Executive Order No. 10753
Ex. Ord. No. 10753, eff. Feb. 15, 1958, 23 F.R. 1107, which provided for succession to office of Secretary of the Interior, was superseded by Ex. Ord. No. 11487, eff. Oct. 6, 1969, 34 F.R. 15593, set out as a note under section 3347 of Title 5, Government Organization and Employees.