48 U.S.C. § 491
Section 491 · 491 to 503. Omitted
Applied in 16 court decisions — leading case Barber v. Hawai'i (1994)
Most recently applied in Kahawaiola'a v. Bush (June 2006)
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.