7 U.S.C. § 1991
Section 1991 · Definitions
Version as of May 13, 2002, with additions and removals from the November 21, 1997 version.
(a) As used in this chapter:
(a) As used in this chapter:
(1) The term “farmer” includes a person who is engaged in, or who, with assistance afforded under this chapter, intends to engage in, fish farming.
(1) The term “farmer” includes a person who is engaged in, or who, with assistance afforded under this chapter, intends to engage in, fish farming.
(2) The term “farming” shall be deemed to include fish farming.
(2) The term “farming” shall be deemed to include fish farming.
(3) The term “owner-operator” shall include in the State of Hawaii the lessee-operator of real property in any case in which the Secretary determines that such real property cannot be acquired in fee simple by such lessee-operator, that adequate security is provided for the loan with respect to such real property for which such lessee-operator applies under this chapter, and that there is a reasonable probability of accomplishing the objectives and repayment of such loan.
(3) The term “owner-operator” shall include in the State of Hawaii the lessee-operator of real property in any case in which the Secretary determines that such real property cannot be acquired in fee simple by such lessee-operator, that adequate security is provided for the loan with respect to such real property for which such lessee-operator applies under this chapter, and that there is a reasonable probability of accomplishing the objectives and repayment of such loan.
(4) The word “insure” as used in this chapter includes guarantee, which means to guarantee the payment of a loan originated, held, and serviced by a private financial agency or other lender approved by the Secretary.
(4) The word “insure” as used in this chapter includes guarantee, which means to guarantee the payment of a loan originated, held, and serviced by a private financial agency or other lender approved by the Secretary.
(5) The term “contract of insurance” includes a contract of guarantee.
(5) The term “contract of insurance” includes a contract of guarantee.
(6) The terms “United States” and “State” shall include each of the several States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and, to the extent the Secretary determines it to be feasible and appropriate, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(6) The terms “United States” and “State” shall include each of the several States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United States, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and, to the extent the Secretary determines it to be feasible and appropriate, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands.
(7) The term “joint operation” means a joint farming operation in which two or more farmers work together sharing equally or unequally land, labor, equipment, expenses, and income.
(7) The term “joint operation” means a joint farming operation in which two or more farmers work together sharing equally or unequally land, labor, equipment, expenses, and income.
(8) The term “beginning farmer or rancher” means such term as defined by the Secretary.
(8) The term “beginning farmer or rancher” means such term as defined by the Secretary.
(9) The term “direct loan” means a loan made or insured from funds in the account created by section 1929 of this title.
(9) The term “direct loan” means a loan made or insured from funds in the account created by section 1929 of this title.
(10) The term “farmer program loan” means a farm ownership loan (FO) under section 1923 of this title, operating loan (OL) under section 1942 of this title, soil and water loan (SW) under section 1924 of this title, emergency loan (EM) under section 1961 of this title, economic emergency loan (EE) under section 202 of the Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act (title II of Public Law 95-334), economic opportunity loan (EO) under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1961 (42 U.S.C. 2942), softwood timber loan (ST) under section 1254 of the Food Security Act of 1985, or rural housing loan for farm service buildings (RHF) under section 1472 of title 42.
(10) The term “farmer program loan” means a farm ownership loan (FO) under section 1923 of this title, operating loan (OL) under section 1942 of this title, soil and water loan (SW) under section 1924 of this title, emergency loan (EM) under section 1961 of this title, economic emergency loan (EE) under section 202 of the Emergency Agricultural Credit Adjustment Act (title II of Public Law 95-334), economic opportunity loan (EO) under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1961 (42 U.S.C. 2942), softwood timber loan (ST) under section 1254 of the Food Security Act of 1985, or rural housing loan for farm service buildings (RHF) under section 1472 of title 42.
(11) The term “qualified beginning farmer or rancher” means an applicant, regardless of whether the applicant is participating in a program under section 1935 of this title—
(11) The term “qualified beginning farmer or rancher” means an applicant, regardless of whether the applicant is participating in a program under section 1935 of this title—
(A) who is eligible for assistance under this chapter;
(A) who is eligible for assistance under this chapter;
(B) who has not operated a farm or ranch, or who has operated a farm or ranch for not more than 10 years;
(B) who has not operated a farm or ranch, or who has operated a farm or ranch for not more than 10 years;
(C) in the case of a cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation, who has members, stockholders, partners, or joint operators who are all related to one another by blood or marriage;
(C) in the case of a cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation, who has members, stockholders, partners, or joint operators who are all related to one another by blood or marriage;
(D)(i) in the case of an owner and operator of a farm or ranch, who—
(D)(i) in the case of an owner and operator of a farm or ranch, who—
(I) in the case of a loan made to an individual, individually or with the immediate family of the applicant—
(I) in the case of a loan made to an individual, individually or with the immediate family of the applicant—
(aa) materially and substantially participates in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(aa) materially and substantially participates in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(bb) provides substantial day-to-day labor and management of the farm or ranch, consistent with the practices in the State or county in which the farm or ranch is located; or
(bb) provides substantial day-to-day labor and management of the farm or ranch, consistent with the practices in the State or county in which the farm or ranch is located; or
(II)(aa) in the case of a loan made to a cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation, has members, stockholders, partners, or joint operators, materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(II)(aa) in the case of a loan made to a cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation, has members, stockholders, partners, or joint operators, materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(bb) in the case of a loan made to a corporation, has stockholders, all of whom are qualified beginning farmers or ranchers; and
(bb) in the case of a loan made to a corporation, has stockholders, all of whom are qualified beginning farmers or ranchers; and
(ii) in the case of an applicant seeking to own and operate a farm or ranch, who—
(ii) in the case of an applicant seeking to own and operate a farm or ranch, who—
(I) in the case of a loan made to an individual, individually or with the immediate family of the applicant, will—
(I) in the case of a loan made to an individual, individually or with the immediate family of the applicant, will—
(aa) materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(aa) materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(bb) provide substantial day-to-day labor and management of the farm or ranch, consistent with the practices in the State or county in which the farm or ranch is located; or
(bb) provide substantial day-to-day labor and management of the farm or ranch, consistent with the practices in the State or county in which the farm or ranch is located; or
(II)(aa) in the case of a loan made to a cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation, will have members, stockholders, partners, or joint operators, materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(II)(aa) in the case of a loan made to a cooperative, corporation, partnership, or joint operation, will have members, stockholders, partners, or joint operators, materially and substantially participate in the operation of the farm or ranch; and
(bb) in the case of a loan made to a corporation, has stockholders, all of whom are qualified beginning farmers or ranchers;
(bb) in the case of a loan made to a corporation, has stockholders, all of whom are qualified beginning farmers or ranchers;
(E) who agrees to participate in such loan assessment, borrower training, and financial management programs as the Secretary may require;
(E) who agrees to participate in such loan assessment, borrower training, and financial management programs as the Secretary may require;
(G) who demonstrates that the available resources of the applicant and spouse (if any) of the applicant are not sufficient to enable the applicant to continue farming or ranching on a viable scale.
(G) who demonstrates that the available resources of the applicant and spouse (if any) of the applicant are not sufficient to enable the applicant to continue farming or ranching on a viable scale.
(12) Debt forgiveness.—
(12) Debt forgiveness.—
(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term “debt forgiveness” means reducing or terminating a farmer program loan made or guaranteed under this chapter, in a manner that results in a loss to the Secretary, through—
(A) In general.—Except as provided in subparagraph (B), the term “debt forgiveness” means reducing or terminating a farmer program loan made or guaranteed under this chapter, in a manner that results in a loss to the Secretary, through—
(i) writing down or writing off a loan under section 2001 of this title;
(i) writing down or writing off a loan under section 2001 of this title;
(ii) compromising, adjusting, reducing, or charging-off a debt or claim under section 1981 of this title;
(ii) compromising, adjusting, reducing, or charging-off a debt or claim under section 1981 of this title;
(iii) paying a loss on a guaranteed loan under section 2005 of this title; or
(iii) paying a loss on a guaranteed loan under section 2005 of this title; or
(iv) discharging a debt as a result of bankruptcy.
(iv) discharging a debt as a result of bankruptcy.
(i) consolidation, rescheduling, reamortization, or deferral of a loan; or
(ii) any write-down provided as part of a resolution of a discrimination complaint against the Secretary.
(13) Rural and rural area.—
(A) In general.—Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean any area other than—
(i) a city or town that has a population of greater than 50,000 inhabitants; and
(ii) the urbanized area contiguous and adjacent to such a city or town.
(B) Water and waste disposal grants and direct and guaranteed loans.—For the purpose of water and waste disposal grants and direct and guaranteed loans provided under paragraphs (1), (2), and (24) of section 1926(a) of this title, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean a city, town, or unincorporated area that has a population of no more than 10,000 inhabitants.
(C) Community facility loans and grants.—For the purpose of community facility direct and guaranteed loans and grants under paragraphs (1), (19), (20), (21), and (24) of section 1926(a) of this title, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean a city, town, or unincorporated area that has a population of not more than 20,000 inhabitants.
(D) Multijurisdictional regional planning organizations; national rural development partnership.—In sections 1926(a)(23) and 2008m of this title, the term “rural area” means—
(i) all the territory of a State that is not within the boundary of any standard metropolitan statistical area; and
(ii) all territory within any standard metropolitan statistical area within a census tract having a population density of less than 20 persons per square mile, as determined by the Secretary according to the most recent census of the United States as of any date.
(E) Rural business investment program.—In subchapter VIII of this chapter, the term “rural area” means an area that is located—
(i) outside a standard metropolitan statistical area; or
(ii) within a community that has a population of 50,000 inhabitants or less.
(b) As used in sections 1927(e), 1981d, 1985(e) and (f), 1988(b), 2000(b) and (c), 2001, and 2005 of this title:
(b) As used in sections 1927(e), 1981d, 1985(e) and (f), 1988(b), 2000(b) and (c), 2001, and 2005 of this title:
(1) The term “borrower” means any farm borrower who has outstanding obligations to the Secretary under any farmer program loan, without regard to whether the loan has been accelerated, but does not include any farm borrower all of whose loans and accounts have been foreclosed on or liquidated, voluntarily or otherwise.
(1) The term “borrower” means any farm borrower who has outstanding obligations to the Secretary under any farmer program loan, without regard to whether the loan has been accelerated, but does not include any farm borrower all of whose loans and accounts have been foreclosed on or liquidated, voluntarily or otherwise.
(2) The term “loan service program” means, with respect to a farmer program borrower, a primary loan service program or a preservation loan service program.
(2) The term “loan service program” means, with respect to a farmer program borrower, a primary loan service program or a preservation loan service program.
(3) The term “primary loan service program” means—
(3) The term “primary loan service program” means—
(A) loan consolidation, rescheduling, or reamortization;
(A) loan consolidation, rescheduling, or reamortization;
(B) interest rate reduction, including the use of the limited resource program;
(B) interest rate reduction, including the use of the limited resource program;
(C) loan restructuring, including deferral, set aside, or writing down of the principal or accumulated interest charges, or both, of the loan; or
(C) loan restructuring, including deferral, set aside, or writing down of the principal or accumulated interest charges, or both, of the loan; or
(D) any combination of actions described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C).
(D) any combination of actions described in subparagraphs (A), (B), and (C).
(4) Preservation loan service program.—The term “preservation loan service program” means homestead retention as authorized under section 2000 of this title.
(4) Preservation loan service program.—The term “preservation loan service program” means homestead retention as authorized under section 2000 of this title.