18 U.S.C. § 11
Section 11 · Foreign government defined
Amended 1 time on record
Applied in 228 court decisions — leading case Bary v. United States (1957)
Most recently applied in Kevin Hsieh v. Pamela Bondi (June 2025)
Cases citing this section usually also cite 12 U.S.C. § 11 · 13 U.S.C. § 11 · 16 U.S.C. § 11
How often courts cite this section
Court decisions citing this, by year.Markers show enactment, consequential amendments, and circuit splits over this section — watch for a citation surge after a change or a disagreement. The dip in the last several years is a data-coverage gap, not a real trend — our corpus holds fewer opinions from the most recent years, so recent citations are undercounted.
Sections 1 through 10 of this Act may be amended as provided in section 2076, title 28, United States Code.